Human Cells

Question 1

What are somatic cells?

Answer 1

Body cells which contain 46 chromosomes 2n=46 (diploid)

Question 2

What are the 2 sex cells with chromosome count?

Answer 2

Sperm and egg. 23 chromosomes, n=23 and the are haploid

Question 3

What do somatic cells divide by in order to form more somatic cells?

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

What happens during cell division of somatic cells?

Answer 4

they divide by mitosis in order to maintain chromosome complement

Question 5

How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do diploid cells have?

Answer 5

23 pairs

Question 6

What might Germanline cells be found?

Answer 6

In the testies and ovaries

Question 7

What do Germanline cells divide by?

Answer 7

Mitosis and meiosis

Question 8

What do Gamete mother cells divide by and why?

Answer 8

Divide by meiosis to produce gamete (haploid)

Question 9

How many chromosomes do haploid gametes contain?

Answer 9

23 single chromosomes

Question 10

What can the nucleus of a germaline cell divide by?

Answer 10

mitosis

Question 11

Define differentiation?

Answer 11

Process which cell expresses certain gene to produce protein characteristics

Question 12

What does differentiation of a cell ALLOW?

Answer 12

allows cell to be carried out by specialised function

Question 13

Why is cell differentiation critical during embryo?

Answer 13

Because it develops the organs, tissues and systems

Question 14

What happens once a cell has differentiated?

Answer 14

It only expressed genes which code proteins for specific cell

Question 15

What are the two types fo stem cells?

Answer 15

Embryonic and tissue

Question 16

What can unspecialised cells do?

Answer 16

• Replicate themselves by mitosis

- Differentiate into specialised cells of one or more types

Question 17

What does pluripotent mean?

Answer 17

Cells in early embryonic stage can differentiate into all types of cells

Question 18

What does multipotent mean?

Answer 18

Tissue cells involved in growth, repair and renewal of cells found in that tissue

Question 19

What are Therapeutic uses of stem cells?

Answer 19

Repair of damaged or diseased organs/ tissue

Question 20

What are some advantages to researching stem cells?

Answer 20

• How diseases develop
• Drug testing
• Developing different methods of therapeutic procedures

Question 21

what’s a secondary tumour and how do they occur?

Answer 21

• If cancer fails to attack to each other it spreads throughout body to form secondary tumours
• It works by invading other tissues and planting tumours in other parts of the body

Question 22

What are stem cells?

Answer 22

unspecialised cells which can replicate themselves by mitosis and differentiate into specialised cells

Question 23

What’s the difference between diploid and haploid?

Answer 23

Diploid contains two complete chromosome sets whereas haploid contains one chromosome set

Question 24

What type of cells may you get from Embryonic stem cells?

Answer 24

Skin cells or lung cells

Question 25

What type of cells may you get from Tissue stem cells?

Answer 25

Blood stem cells can turn to be (from bone marrow) red blood cells, phagocytes, platelets and lymphocytes