Human Cells Flashcards
What are somatic cells?
Body cells which contain 46 chromosomes 2n=46 (diploid)
What are the 2 sex cells with chromosome count?
Sperm and egg. 23 chromosomes, n=23 and the are haploid
What do somatic cells divide by in order to form more somatic cells?
Mitosis
What happens during cell division of somatic cells?
they divide by mitosis in order to maintain chromosome complement
How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do diploid cells have?
23 pairs
What might Germanline cells be found?
In the testies and ovaries
What do Germanline cells divide by?
Mitosis and meiosis
What do Gamete mother cells divide by and why?
Divide by meiosis to produce gamete (haploid)
How many chromosomes do haploid gametes contain?
23 single chromosomes
What can the nucleus of a germaline cell divide by?
mitosis
Define differentiation?
Process which cell expresses certain gene to produce protein characteristics
What does differentiation of a cell ALLOW?
allows cell to be carried out by specialised function
Why is cell differentiation critical during embryo?
Because it develops the organs, tissues and systems
What happens once a cell has differentiated?
It only expressed genes which code proteins for specific cell
What are the two types fo stem cells?
Embryonic and tissue
What can unspecialised cells do?
- Replicate themselves by mitosis
- Differentiate into specialised cells of one or more types
What does pluripotent mean?
Cells in early embryonic stage can differentiate into all types of cells
What does multipotent mean?
Tissue cells involved in growth, repair and renewal of cells found in that tissue
What are Therapeutic uses of stem cells?
Repair of damaged or diseased organs/ tissue
What are some advantages to researching stem cells?
- How diseases develop
- Drug testing
- Developing different methods of therapeutic procedures
what’s a secondary tumour and how do they occur?
- If cancer fails to attack to each other it spreads throughout body to form secondary tumours
- It works by invading other tissues and planting tumours in other parts of the body
What are stem cells?
unspecialised cells which can replicate themselves by mitosis and differentiate into specialised cells
What’s the difference between diploid and haploid?
Diploid contains two complete chromosome sets whereas haploid contains one chromosome set
What type of cells may you get from Embryonic stem cells?
Skin cells or lung cells
What type of cells may you get from Tissue stem cells?
Blood stem cells can turn to be (from bone marrow) red blood cells, phagocytes, platelets and lymphocytes
