3.4 Cells Of The Nervous System Flashcards
Labels a neuron?
Well done. GG Broski, GG
In a neuron where do impulses travel?
Dendrites, cell body, axon
What are the 3 types of neurons and picture them in your head?
Sensory (half myelin), inter neuron (no myelin) and motor (full myelin)
What is a myelin sheath and what does it do?
It’s fatty material which covers axon and speeds up impulses
What’s myelination?
When Glial cells form myelin sheath
Label/ picture the entire myelination process in your head?
Nucleus, axon and glial cells
Why can’t an infant control their lower body?
Because their myelin sheath hasn’t fully developed in neurons
What disease might destroy myelin sheath and what will this do?
MS does this and will cause great difficulty in movement and coordination
What 3 things do Glial cells produce?
Myelin sheath, support to neurons and chemical nutrients
Where do neurons connect with other neurons or muscle?
At the synaptic cleft
Label a basic diagram on presynaptic neuron and post synaptic neurons?
Sweet
What synaptic cleft has receptors?
The postsynaptic neuron
What synaptic neurons has synaptic vesicles?
Presynaptic neurons
Where are neurotransmitters stored in a presynaptic neuron?
Synaptic vesicles
Label where the synaptic cleft is?
In between presynaptic neuron and post synaptic neuron
Why must neurotransmitters which bind to postsynaptic neurons receptors be short lived?
To keep stimulation of the postsynaptic neurons. Neurotransmitter need to keep being removed
What are methods to remove neurotransmitters?
Enzymes which break neurotransmitters into non active products and some neurotransmitters can be used in reputable and stored in synaptic vesicles
What does excitatory and inhibitory mean?
Excitatory means neuron could fire an action where as in inhibitory that’s less likely
What actually does it mean where presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are?
Dendrites and axon terminals
How do you know if signal is going to be excitatory or inhibitory?
Receptors on postsynaptic neuron determines
Is it possible excitatory can have a certain effect on something and inhibitory have a certain effect on something different the other cannot have?
Yes sir, yes sir
What determines if a nerve impulse is transmitted?
There must be a specific amount of neurotransmitter molecules released
What’s a membranes threshold?
A specific amount of neurotransmitter molecules must be realised to transmit an impulse
What’s a summation?
A series of weal stimuli which bring together an impulse through for example converging neural pathways
If stimuli is weak and you need a impulse to transmit, what would be a way to make this possible/ how is this possible?
Converging neural pathways due to shear quantity of weak stimuli (increases sensitivity of excitatory and inhibitory signals are ever)
What’s endorphins?
Neurotransmitters which stimulate reducing intensity of pain, come around from stress and injury and pleasure sometimes
What’s dopamine?
A neurotransmitter which induces feeling of pleasure and behaviour such as reward pathway
What’s the reward pathway and what’s it from?
When you do something which increases dopamine ya
What drugs can treat neurotransmitter disorders?
Agonists and antagonists
What an agonist?
Chemicals that bind to receptors, mimicking a neurotransmitter synapse
What’s an antagonist?
Chemicals that block receptors, blocking action of neurotransmitter synapse
What’s a synapse?
Communication between neurons
Apart from agonists and antagonists, how else might you treat neurotransmitter disorders?
Drugs that inhibit the reuptake and drugs that inhibit enzymes to break them down
What can recreational drugs act as, agonists or antagonists?
Both
What do recreational drugs effect on the brain?
Mood, cognition, perception, behaviour
Drug addiction comes from repeated use of a drug which acts as?
An antagonist as it blocks receptors and creates high sensitivity of receptors
Drug tolerance comes from repeated use of drugs that act as?
Agonists as they stimulate receptors meaning you’ll need to take more and more to get a hit, like alcohol
Are Endorphins and dopamine neurotransmitters?
Yes sir
