3.4 Cells Of The Nervous System

Question 1

Labels a neuron?

Answer 1

Well done. GG Broski, GG

Question 2

In a neuron where do impulses travel?

Answer 2

Dendrites, cell body, axon

Question 3

What are the 3 types of neurons and picture them in your head?

Answer 3

Sensory (half myelin), inter neuron (no myelin) and motor (full myelin)

Question 4

What is a myelin sheath and what does it do?

Answer 4

It’s fatty material which covers axon and speeds up impulses

Question 5

What’s myelination?

Answer 5

When Glial cells form myelin sheath

Question 6

Label/ picture the entire myelination process in your head?

Answer 6

Nucleus, axon and glial cells

Question 7

Why can’t an infant control their lower body?

Answer 7

Because their myelin sheath hasn’t fully developed in neurons

Question 8

What disease might destroy myelin sheath and what will this do?

Answer 8

MS does this and will cause great difficulty in movement and coordination

Question 9

What 3 things do Glial cells produce?

Answer 9

Myelin sheath, support to neurons and chemical nutrients

Question 10

Where do neurons connect with other neurons or muscle?

Answer 10

At the synaptic cleft

Question 11

Label a basic diagram on presynaptic neuron and post synaptic neurons?

Answer 11

Sweet

Question 12

What synaptic cleft has receptors?

Answer 12

The postsynaptic neuron

Question 13

What synaptic neurons has synaptic vesicles?

Answer 13

Presynaptic neurons

Question 14

Where are neurotransmitters stored in a presynaptic neuron?

Answer 14

Synaptic vesicles

Question 15

Label where the synaptic cleft is?

Answer 15

In between presynaptic neuron and post synaptic neuron

Question 16

Why must neurotransmitters which bind to postsynaptic neurons receptors be short lived?

Answer 16

To keep stimulation of the postsynaptic neurons. Neurotransmitter need to keep being removed

Question 17

What are methods to remove neurotransmitters?

Answer 17

Enzymes which break neurotransmitters into non active products and some neurotransmitters can be used in reputable and stored in synaptic vesicles

Question 18

What does excitatory and inhibitory mean?

Answer 18

Excitatory means neuron could fire an action where as in inhibitory that’s less likely

Question 19

What actually does it mean where presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are?

Answer 19

Dendrites and axon terminals

Question 20

How do you know if signal is going to be excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 20

Receptors on postsynaptic neuron determines

Question 21

Is it possible excitatory can have a certain effect on something and inhibitory have a certain effect on something different the other cannot have?

Answer 21

Yes sir, yes sir

Question 22

What determines if a nerve impulse is transmitted?

Answer 22

There must be a specific amount of neurotransmitter molecules released

Question 23

What’s a membranes threshold?

Answer 23

A specific amount of neurotransmitter molecules must be realised to transmit an impulse

Question 24

What’s a summation?

Answer 24

A series of weal stimuli which bring together an impulse through for example converging neural pathways

Question 25

If stimuli is weak and you need a impulse to transmit, what would be a way to make this possible/ how is this possible?

Answer 25

Converging neural pathways due to shear quantity of weak stimuli (increases sensitivity of excitatory and inhibitory signals are ever)

Question 26

What’s endorphins?

Answer 26

Neurotransmitters which stimulate reducing intensity of pain, come around from stress and injury and pleasure sometimes

Question 27

What’s dopamine?

Answer 27

A neurotransmitter which induces feeling of pleasure and behaviour such as reward pathway

Question 28

What’s the reward pathway and what’s it from?

Answer 28

When you do something which increases dopamine ya

Question 29

What drugs can treat neurotransmitter disorders?

Answer 29

Agonists and antagonists

Question 30

What an agonist?

Answer 30

Chemicals that bind to receptors, mimicking a neurotransmitter synapse

Question 31

What’s an antagonist?

Answer 31

Chemicals that block receptors, blocking action of neurotransmitter synapse

Question 32

What’s a synapse?

Answer 32

Communication between neurons

Question 33

Apart from agonists and antagonists, how else might you treat neurotransmitter disorders?

Answer 33

Drugs that inhibit the reuptake and drugs that inhibit enzymes to break them down

Question 34

What can recreational drugs act as, agonists or antagonists?

Answer 34

Both

Question 35

What do recreational drugs effect on the brain?

Answer 35

Mood, cognition, perception, behaviour

Question 36

Drug addiction comes from repeated use of a drug which acts as?

Answer 36

An antagonist as it blocks receptors and creates high sensitivity of receptors

Question 37

Drug tolerance comes from repeated use of drugs that act as?

Answer 37

Agonists as they stimulate receptors meaning you’ll need to take more and more to get a hit, like alcohol

Question 38

Are Endorphins and dopamine neurotransmitters?

Answer 38

Yes sir