2.7 Pathology of CVD

Question 1

What’s CVD?

Answer 1

Cardio vascular disease

Question 2

What’s CHD?

Answer 2

Coronary artery disease

Question 3

What’s atherosclerosis?

Answer 3

An accumulation of fatty materials (cholesterol, fibrous materials and calcium)

Question 4

What is an atheroma?

Answer 4

The same as an atherosclerosis

Question 5

Why is an atheroma bad?

Answer 5

The diameter of the lumen become reduced and blood flow is restricted

Question 6

Where does fatty material build up from an atheroma?

Answer 6

Under the endothelium

Question 7

What’s a thrombosis?

Answer 7

A blood clot

Question 8

What does a blood clot do and why is it bad?

Answer 8

Blood clots prevent the loss of blood, it’s bad because the atheroma may burst which causes endothelium to be damaged

Question 9

What conditions can result from atherosclerosis?

Answer 9

Angina
Stroke
Peripheral vascular disease
Heart attack

Question 10

What’s the process of a blood clot formation?

Answer 10

Prothrombin (found in plasma) is activated into thrombin. Thrombin causes fibrogen (soluble protein) into fibrin (insoulable protein). Fibrin interwoven a mesh work and platlets form a blood clot. Eventually scar tissue

Question 11

What’s is an embolus and why is this bad?

Answer 11

An embolus is a thrombus which breaks away and can travel to small veins, blocking or restricting blood flow

Question 12

What could a thrombosis in coronary artery lead to?

Answer 12

A MI (myocardio fracture)/ heart attack

Question 13

Why does thrombosis result in death?

Answer 13

No oxygen to the artery which leads to tissue death

Question 14

What’s cholesterol and what does it make?

Answer 14

A type of lipid which can make Testosterone, Progesterone and Oestrogen

Question 15

Label the transportation of LDL bad HDL?

Answer 15

Good stuff my guy

Question 16

How might you reduce cholesterol?

Answer 16

High HDL:LDL
Stop smoking (lowers LDL)
More exercise
Better diet 
Statins (reduce blood cholesterol)

Question 17

What are statins?

Answer 17

Statins is a drug which reduces blood cholesterol

Question 18

Why do premenopausal women suffer less heart attacks than men?

Answer 18

Because they have high HDL:LDL until menopause it’s the same HDL:LDL ratio as men

Question 19

What’s HDL?

Answer 19

High density lipoproteins- transports excess cholesterol from body cells to liver

Question 20

What’s LDL?

Answer 20

Low density lipoproteins- transports cholesterol to body cells

Question 21

What happens when cell has sufficient cholesterol?

Answer 21

Negative feedback inhibits synthesis of new LDL which circulates in the blood and will deposit cholesterol into the arteries (forms atheroma)