1.7 Metabolic pathways and cellular respiration

Question 1

What are the stages in cellular respiration? (3)

Answer 1

• Stage 1: Glycolysis
• Stage 2: Citric acid cycle
• Stage 3: Electron transport chain

Question 2

What happens in Aerobic conditions to pyruvate? (2 Detailed answer)

Answer 2

-It breaks down to Acetyl group which then binds with Coenzyme A to form Acetyl coenzyme A

Question 3

Tell me all about Glycolysis? (4)

Answer 3

• Occurs in cytoplasm
• No oxygen required
• Glucose breakdown into pyruvate
• Energy investment and energy payoff stage

Question 4

Whats the energy pays off stage? (2)

Answer 4

• Net gain of 2 ATP per glucose

- Production of ATP

Question 5

Whats the energy investment stage? (1)

Answer 5

-ATP breaks off a phosphate to release energy

Question 6

Tell me about the Citric acid cycle? (3)

Answer 6

• Oxalacetate joins with with acetyl coenzyme A to form the citric acid
• Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
• From the citric you can reverse this to produce ATP and realise CO2

Question 7

How would I get a reaction where ATP is generated and CO2 is released? (1)

Answer 7

-From reversing Citric acid into Oxalacetate using enzymes

Question 8

What does ATP stand for? (1)

Answer 8

-Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 9

What does ADP stand for? (1)

Answer 9

-Adenosine Diphosphate and inorganic phosphate

Question 10

How does APD become ATP? (1)

Answer 10

-phosphate joins ADP to make ATP (Could draw to show)

Question 11

Tell me about Dehydrogenase enzymes? (2)

Answer 11

• They take hydrogen ions which changes NAD to NADH

- They occur in Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 12

What happens with the NADH in terms of electron transport chain? (1)

Answer 12

-The NADH passes the hydrogen ion to the electron transport chain into the inner mitochondria membrane

Question 13

How is water formed? (1)

Answer 13

-The electrons, O2 and hydrogen ions make water

Question 14

Whats the role of electrons in the inner mitochondria membrane? (1)

Answer 14

-To provide energy to make ATP

Question 15

How would I from Acetyl coenzyme A?

Answer 15

-You need Acetyl group and Coenzyme A

Question 16

How many membranes does the mitochondria have? (1)

Answer 16

2 (Stages 2 and 3)

Question 17

Is the rate of respiration affected by temperature? (1)

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

In respiration, the products of the electron transfer

system are? (2)

Answer 18

• Water

- ATP

Question 19

At what stage or stages is hydrogen released to be

picked up by hydrogen acceptors? (2)

Answer 19

• Stage 1

- Stage 2

Question 20

What do Dehydrogenase enzymes do?

Answer 20

-Remove hydrogen ions and electrons

Question 21

glucose is converted to pyruvate.

Name the molecule that provides phosphate for this conversion? (1)

Answer 21

-ATP

Question 22

What does inner mitochondria produce? (2)

Answer 22

• ATP Synthase

- Water

Question 23

When pyruvate is broken down what does it release? (2)

Answer 23

• Acetyl Group

- Carbon dioxide

Question 24

Name metabolic substrates? (2)

Answer 24

• Glucose

- Carbohydrates

Question 25

How many carbons does glucose have and pyruvate have and lactic acid have? (3)

Answer 25

- Glucose: 6 - Pyruvate: 3 - Lactic acid: 3

Question 26

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 26

When a phosphate group is added to a molecule or protein

Question 27

In aerobic conditions what does pyruvate break down to and what does it/ this do?

Answer 27

Pyruvate breaks down to acetyl group and combines with coenzyme A to produce acetyl coenzyme A

Question 28

Where are hydrogen ions passed onto from dehydrogenase enzymes?

Answer 28

Coenzymes NAD to create NADH

Question 29

What is passed on from NADH and where does it go?

Answer 29

Hydrogen ions and electrons are passed to the electron transport chain

Question 30

How does ATP synthase work?

Answer 30

Electrons from the chain provide energy for hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The flow of these ions allow for production of ATP

Question 31

What’s the result of ATP synthase?

Answer 31

More ATP

Question 32

What does an ATP molecule look like?

Answer 32

Yes sir, I can boogie. Hope you got it

Question 33

What does ADP + Pi look like?

Answer 33

Yeah man!

Question 34

State the function of dehydrogenase enzymes?

Answer 34

To remove hydrogen ions and electrons (they also release them)

Question 35

What changes glycogen to glucose?

Answer 35

Glucagon

Question 36

State what glucagon is and what can it do?

Answer 36

A hormone and changes glycogen into glucose

Question 37

What is the function of ATP synthase?

Answer 37

To produce ATP

Question 38

How does ATP synthase work?

Answer 38

ATP forms ATP through phosphorylation