1.7 Metabolic pathways and cellular respiration Flashcards
What are the stages in cellular respiration? (3)
- Stage 1: Glycolysis
- Stage 2: Citric acid cycle
- Stage 3: Electron transport chain
What happens in Aerobic conditions to pyruvate? (2 Detailed answer)
-It breaks down to Acetyl group which then binds with Coenzyme A to form Acetyl coenzyme A
Tell me all about Glycolysis? (4)
- Occurs in cytoplasm
- No oxygen required
- Glucose breakdown into pyruvate
- Energy investment and energy payoff stage
Whats the energy pays off stage? (2)
- Net gain of 2 ATP per glucose
- Production of ATP
Whats the energy investment stage? (1)
-ATP breaks off a phosphate to release energy
Tell me about the Citric acid cycle? (3)
- Oxalacetate joins with with acetyl coenzyme A to form the citric acid
- Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria
- From the citric you can reverse this to produce ATP and realise CO2
How would I get a reaction where ATP is generated and CO2 is released? (1)
-From reversing Citric acid into Oxalacetate using enzymes
What does ATP stand for? (1)
-Adenosine Triphosphate
What does ADP stand for? (1)
-Adenosine Diphosphate and inorganic phosphate
How does APD become ATP? (1)
-phosphate joins ADP to make ATP (Could draw to show)
Tell me about Dehydrogenase enzymes? (2)
- They take hydrogen ions which changes NAD to NADH
- They occur in Glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
What happens with the NADH in terms of electron transport chain? (1)
-The NADH passes the hydrogen ion to the electron transport chain into the inner mitochondria membrane
How is water formed? (1)
-The electrons, O2 and hydrogen ions make water
Whats the role of electrons in the inner mitochondria membrane? (1)
-To provide energy to make ATP
How would I from Acetyl coenzyme A?
-You need Acetyl group and Coenzyme A
How many membranes does the mitochondria have? (1)
2 (Stages 2 and 3)
Is the rate of respiration affected by temperature? (1)
Yes
In respiration, the products of the electron transfer
system are? (2)
- Water
- ATP
At what stage or stages is hydrogen released to be
picked up by hydrogen acceptors? (2)
- Stage 1
- Stage 2
What do Dehydrogenase enzymes do?
-Remove hydrogen ions and electrons
glucose is converted to pyruvate.
Name the molecule that provides phosphate for this conversion? (1)
-ATP
What does inner mitochondria produce? (2)
- ATP Synthase
- Water
When pyruvate is broken down what does it release? (2)
- Acetyl Group
- Carbon dioxide
Name metabolic substrates? (2)
- Glucose
- Carbohydrates
How many carbons does glucose have and pyruvate have and lactic acid have? (3)
- Glucose: 6
- Pyruvate: 3
- Lactic acid: 3
What is phosphorylation?
When a phosphate group is added to a molecule or protein
In aerobic conditions what does pyruvate break down to and what does it/ this do?
Pyruvate breaks down to acetyl group and combines with coenzyme A to produce acetyl coenzyme A
Where are hydrogen ions passed onto from dehydrogenase enzymes?
Coenzymes NAD to create NADH
What is passed on from NADH and where does it go?
Hydrogen ions and electrons are passed to the electron transport chain
How does ATP synthase work?
Electrons from the chain provide energy for hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The flow of these ions allow for production of ATP
What’s the result of ATP synthase?
More ATP
What does an ATP molecule look like?
Yes sir, I can boogie. Hope you got it
What does ADP + Pi look like?
Yeah man!
State the function of dehydrogenase enzymes?
To remove hydrogen ions and electrons (they also release them)
What changes glycogen to glucose?
Glucagon
State what glucagon is and what can it do?
A hormone and changes glycogen into glucose
What is the function of ATP synthase?
To produce ATP
How does ATP synthase work?
ATP forms ATP through phosphorylation
