Hoofdstuk 2

Question 1

Cell body

Answer 1

Soma, part of the neuron containing the nucleus and other organelles

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

Branching structures that carry information from other neurons

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

A branching structure that carries information to other neurons and transmits an action potential, each cell only has one axon

Question 4

Synapse

Answer 4

The small gap between neurons in which neurotransmitters are released, permitting signals between neurons

Question 5

Action potential

Answer 5

A sudden change in the electrical properties of the neuron membrane in an axon, which forms the basis for how neurons code information

Question 6

Neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Chemical signals that are released by one neuron and affect the properties of other neurons

Question 7

Myelin

Answer 7

A fatty substance that is deposited around the axon of some neurons that speeds conduction

Question 8

Gray matter

Answer 8

Consists primarily on neuronal cell bodies

Question 9

White matter

Answer 9

Tissue of the nervous system consisting primarily of axons and support cells

Question 10

Glia

Answer 10

Support cells of the nervous system involved in tissue repair and in the formation of myelin among other functions

Question 11

The cerebral cortex

Answer 11

Folded sheet of gray matter, outside of the brain

Question 12

The subcortex

Answer 12

Beneath the bulk of white matter, another collection of gray matter structures, including the basal ganglia, limbic system and the diencephalon

Question 13

Corpus callosum

Answer 13

A large white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres

Question 14

Ventricles

Answer 14

The hollow chambers of the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

Anterior

Answer 15

Toward the front

Question 16

Posterior

Answer 16

Toward the back

Question 17

Superior

Answer 17

Toward the top

Question 18

Inferior

Answer 18

Toward the bottom

Question 19

Dorsal

Answer 19

Toward the top

Question 20

Ventral

Answer 20

Toward the bottom

Question 21

Lateral

Answer 21

The outer part

Question 22

Medial

Answer 22

In or toward the middle

Question 23

gyri

Answer 23

The raised folds of the cortex

Question 24

Sulci

Answer 24

The buries grooves of the cortex

Question 25

Brodmann’s areas

Answer 25

Regions of cortex defined by the relative distribution of cell types across cortical layers

Question 26

Basal ganglia

Answer 26

Regions of subcortical gray matter involved in aspects of motor control, skill learning and reward learning; they consist of structures such as the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

Question 27

Limbic system

Answer 27

A region of subcortex involved in relating the organism to its present and past environment; limbic structures include the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex and maxillary bodies

Question 28

Dienchephalon

Answer 28

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 29

Thalamus

Answer 29

A major subcortical relay center; for example the processing station between all sensory organs and the cortex

Question 30

Hypothalamus

Answer 30

Consists of a variety of nuclei that are specialized for different functions that are primarily concerned with the body and its regulation

Question 31

Superior colliculi

Answer 31

A midbrain nucleus that forms part of a subcortical sensory pathway involved in programming fast eye movements

Question 32

Inferior colliculi

Answer 32

A midbrein nucleus that forms part of a subcortical auditory pathway

Question 33

Cerebellum

Answer 33

Structure attached to the hindbrain; important for dexterity and smooth execution of movement

Question 34

Pons

Answer 34

Part of the hindbrain; a key link between the cerebellum and the cerebrum, controls body and eye movements

Question 35

Medulla oblongata

Answer 35

Part of the hindbrain; it regulates vital functions such as breathing, swallowing, heart rate and the wake-sleep cycle