Deary, I., Penke, L., & Johnson, W. (2010). The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 201-211. Flashcards
Which three main aims does differential psychology have with respect to its trait of interest?
to describe them accurately, to discover the real-life impact of trait differences and to discover the aetiologies of trait differences, including their biological bases
Wat houdt g in (general intelligence)?
Dat mensen die het goed doen in een gebied, het ook vaak beter doen op andere gebieden
Raven’s progressive matrices test
An established non-verbal test of inductive reasoning that is often regarded as a good marker of the general factor of intelligence.
Non-verbal reasoning
A broad subfactor of intelligence defined by tests that do not rely on verbal stimuli or responses. The term perceptual–organizational ability is often used synonymously
Hoe ziet de verdeling van intelligentie eruit in de populatie?
Het volgt een normaalverdeling
Waarvoor is general intelligence een goede predictor?
occupational attainment, social mobility and job performance, People with higher general intelligence in childhood or early adulthood have better health in middle and later life, and are less likely to die young
Wat is de definitie van intelligentie?
Intelligence is a very general capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test‐taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings—‘catching on’, ‘making sense’ of things, or ‘figuring out’ what to do. Intelligence, so defined, can be measured, and intelligence tests measure it well
Welke twee eigenschappen van intelligentie tests zijn belangrijk?
-Elke intelligentie test is gecorreleerd als het wordt gehangen aan een grote groep mensen
-Intelligence should be assessed by its construct validity, meaning the accumulated evidence that the tests measure something of relevance: evidence on practical outcomes of intelligence differences, consistency of psychometric structure, and relationships with biological structures and processes
Wat houdt de positive manifold in?
Scores van cognitieve ability tasks van elke soort zijn positief gecorreleert
Welke tests zijn meer gecorreleerd met elkaar dan andere?
Tests die qua content meer op elkaar lijken
Waarom moet g benadrukt worden als intelligentie meter?
It accounts for a substantial large amount of variance, it is the source of most of the predictive power of cognitive tests and, as discussed below, it is the locus of most of the genetic variance
Waarom is intelligentie zo lastig te onderzoeken in het brein?
Bij het maken van een intelligentietest taakje maak je gebruik van meerdere soorten intelligentie, het is lastig een specifiek hersendeel aan te wijzen voor een specifieke soort intelligentie
Welke twee biologische bevindingen geven aan wat intelligentie kan veroorzaken?
-general intelligence differences are substantially heritable
-and general intelligence and brain size show modest, positive correlations
Which two types of controversy surround the measurement of intelligence?
in some cases, empirical intelligence‐related data exist but have been missed, unappreciated, ignored or even rejected; in other cases, no definitive intelligence‐related data are yet available
On which two grounds has g been criticized?
-several theorists have proposed that domains of cognitive ability might be independent of one another
-Cattell and Horn suggested that, however robust it may be statistically, g might have no real importance in the brain because different batteries of ability test could give different values of g, resulting in different rank orders among individuals
Wat houdt het debat tussen Spearman en Thomson in?
-Thomson suggereert dat de positieve correlaties tussen cognitieve functies niet te verklaren is als single property (wat Spearman dacht), maar dat het gaat om de efficiëntie van ‘bonds in het brein’
-bonds die nodig zijn voor meerdere taken correleerden hoog met elkaar