Hoofdstuk 1 Flashcards
Cognition
A variety of higher mental processes such as thinking, perceiving, imagining, speaking, acting and planning
Cognitive neuroscience
Aims to explain cognitive processes in terms of brain-based mechanisms
Mind-body problem
The problem of how a physical substance can give rise to our sensations, thoughts and emotions
Voorbeeld:
- je teen stoten (body) –> zenuwcellen geven signaal door aan brein –> gevoel van pijn (mind)
- dorst hebben (mind) –> zenuwcellen geven signaal door aan spieren –> drinken pakken (body)
Dualism
- The belief that the mind and brain are made up of different kind of substances (Descartes)
- Dus sprake van apart een “mind”/geest en lichaam die onafhankelijk van elkaar kunnen leven (bijv. na de dood)
Dual-aspect theory
- The belief that the mind and brain are two levels of description of the same thing
- Een theorie binnen the philosophy of mind
- Beetje het tegenovergestelde van dualism
Reductionism
The belief that mindbased concepts will eventually be replaced by neuroscientific concepts, simpelere theorie
Phrenology
The failed idea that individual differences in cognition can be mapped onto differences in skull shape
Functional specialization
Different regions of the brain are specialized for different functions
Cognitive neuropsychology
- The study of brain-damaged patients to inform theories of normal cognition
- Kan ook sprake zijn van ontwikkelingsprobleem
Information processing
An approach in which behavior is described in terms of a sequence of cognitive stages
Modularity
The notion that certain cognitive processes (or regions in the brain) are restricted in the type of information they process
Domain specificity
The idea that a cognitive process (or brain region) is dedicated solely to one particular type of information
Interactivity
Later stages of processing can begin before earlier stages are complete
Top-down processing
- The influence of later stages on the processing of earlier ones
- M.a.w. een bepaalde herinnering die je perceptie van een event beïnvloed
Bottom-up processing
The passage of information from simpler to more complex
- Bijv. je bent een filmpje aan het kijken op je laptop, maar het eerste wat je merkt zijn de randen van je laptop, de toetsen, het scherm, etc. en daarna pas de inhoud van het filmpje
Parallel processing
Different information is processed at the same time
Neural network models
Computational models in which information processing occurs using many interconnected nodes
Nodes
The basic units of neural network models that are activated in response to activity in other parts of the network
Temporal resolution
The accuracy with which one can measure when an event occurs
Spatial resolution
The accuracy with which one can measure where an event is occurring
Connectome
A comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain that may be thought of as its “wiring diagram”
Graph theory
A mathematical technique for computing the pattern of connectivity (or “wiring diagram”) from a set of correlations
Waar dacht Aristoteles dat je persoonlijkheid zat?
Wie je bent zit in je hart, je brein is een koelingsmechanisme
