HIV/AIDS Flashcards
HIV transmission
- blood
- semen
- vaginal secretions: during pregnancy or thru delivery
- breast milk
most common mode of HIV transmission
- sex
- risk is higher to person receiving fluids
- but still possible if not receiving
- easier to infect women than men in heterosexual sex
transmission vs exposure
to be transmitted:
- large acts of virus must enter
- duration and frequency of contact
- volume of fluid
- virulence and concentration of organism
- host immune status
Acute infectious phase
- a flu that won’t go away
- lasts for 1-3 weeks
- high viral load, CD4 falls temporarily, but quickly returns to baseline
early chronic infection
- asymptomatic phase or acute retroviral syndrome
- viral load low, CD4 normal
- fatigue, low grade fever, HA, generalized lymph adenopathy
symptomatic chronic infection
- CD4 t cell count drops below 200-500
- viral load increases
- persistent fever, night sweats, recurrent HA, fatigue
- oral thrush, shingles, gential herpes
late chronic infection/AIDS
diagnostic criteria:
- CD4 count drops below 200 or
- development of opportunistic dz
- wasting syndrome
- AIDS dementia complex
- immune system is severely compromised
prevention of opportunistic infections
- antiretroviral tx: HART
- bactrim
- acyclovir
- start ppx @ CD4 count 500-1200
- consider tx @ 350 or less
prevent HIV sexual route
- safe sex, condoms, barriers
- risk reducing activities
prevent HIV drug route
-don’t inject, snort it
prevent HIV blood route
- work exposure: needle sticks/splash
- contaminated blood
- seroconversion: if babies don’t seroconvert @ 12 mo, they can get AIDS
prevent HIV perinatal route
-using ART to decrease the risk of transmission
laboratory studies
- CD4/T-cell counts: start tx below 350
- viral load: the lower, the less active the dz
- WBC: for neutropenia, anemia, altered LFTs
polymerase chain reaction test
- used to test babies
- to test blood supplies
- to measure Viral Loads
goal of pharmacological tx
- decrease viral load
- increased CD4 to 500+
comorbidities of HIV
- hyperlipidemia
- hyperglycemia
- CAD
- lactic acidosis
- fat distribution
- lipodystrophy
pneumocystic carinii pneumonia
- 2/3 children have it by 2-4 years
- airborne
- non productive cough
- hypoxemia
- progressive SOB
- fever, night sweats, fatigue
cytomegalovirus
- transmitted from human urine
- untreated: blindness, goal is to reduce visual loss
- retinities: blurred vision, loss of vision
- esophagitis, stomatitis: dysphagia, colitis, blood diarrhea, pain, wt loss
mycobacterium avium complex
- in dust particles and birds
- transmission via many routes
- gastroenteritis
- watery diarrhea
- weight loss
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
- neoplasm caused by HHV8
- type of cancer, overgrowth of blood vessel
- transmitted via sex
- flat, raised lesions
- can be in the GI, lungs
- increased ART tx
mycobacterium TB
-high risk: homeless, prisons
-wt loss, night sweats, hemoptysis, SOB
-
toxoplasmosis of the brain
- from cats, birds, cat feces, uncooked pork
- can go into nay organ
- HA, confusion, motor weakness, sz, coma
- dexamethasone,
- anti sz
- azithromycin, clindamycin
