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MedSurg > chronic neurologic problems > Flashcards

chronic neurologic problems Flashcards

1
Q

primary headache

A

issues in the brain

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2
Q

secondary headache

A

headache d/t sinus infection, neck injury, etc

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3
Q

tension type HA

A
  • bilateral, band like HA associated with neck pain and increased tone in the cervical and neck muscles
  • constant, squeezing tightness
  • cause: neurovascular factors: abnormal neuronal sensitivity
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4
Q

s/s of tension type HA

A
  • no prodrome
  • no n/v
  • photophobia or phonophobia
  • may occur intermittently
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5
Q

migraine HA

A
  • recurring
  • unilateral and bilateral throbbing pain
  • triggers
  • cause: neuronal hyperexcitability in the cerebral cortex, especially in the occipital cortex
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6
Q

s/s of migraine HA

A
  • prodrome and aura

- steady, throbbing pain that is synchronous with the pulse

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7
Q

cluster HA

A
  • repeated headaches that occur for weeks or months at a time, followed by periods of remission
  • cause: dysfunctional of intracranial blood vessel
  • trigeminal nerve is implicated
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8
Q

s/s of cluster HA

A
  • sharp and stabbing
  • intense pain lasting from a few mins to 3 hours
  • pain usually located around the eye, radiating to the temple, forehead, cheek, nose, or gums
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9
Q

drug tx for tension type HA

A
  • non opiod analgesics
  • sedatives
  • muscle relaxants
  • tranquilizers
  • ppx: depakote, topamax, elavil
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10
Q

drug tx for migraine HA

A
  • aspirin, NSAIDs
  • caffeine containing analgesics
  • imitrex
  • ppx: topamax, elavil, botox
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11
Q

drug tx for cluster HA

A
  • 100% O2 6-8L/M for 10 mins
  • triptans
  • ppx: ergotamine
  • nerve blocks
  • deep brain stimulation
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12
Q

nursing mgmt of HA

A
  • exercise, relaxation, socializing
  • alternative pain mgmt
  • massage and moist heat packs to the neck
  • dietary counseling
  • avoid smoking and smoke exposure
  • avoid high altitudes or take ergotamine
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13
Q

seizure

A

paroxysmal, uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain, interrupts normal function

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14
Q

epilepsy

A

condition in which a person has a spontaneous recurring sz caused by a chronic underlying condition

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15
Q

causes of sz in the first 6 months of life

A
  • birth injury
  • congenital defects
  • infections
  • inborn erros of metabolism
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16
Q

causes of sz from ages 2 to 20

A
  • birth injury
  • infection
  • trauma
  • genetic factors
17
Q

causes of sz from ages 20-30

A
  • trauma
  • brain tumors
  • vascular disorders
18
Q

causes of sz after 50 years old

A
  • stroke

- metastatic brain tumors

19
Q

s/s of generalized sz

A

-loss of consciousness from few seconds to several minutes

20
Q

s/s of tonic clonic seizure

A
  • losing consciousness
  • falling to the ground
  • followed by stiffening of the body
  • subsequent jerking of the extremities
  • cyanosis, excessive salivation, tongue or cheek biting, incontinence
21
Q

s/s of post-ictal tonic clonic seizure

A
  • muscle soreness
  • is tired
  • no memory of seizure
22
Q

s/s of typical absence sz

A
  • usually only in children
  • brief staring spell that lasts only a few seconds
  • hyperventilation and flashing lights can precipitate these
23
Q

s/s of atypical absence sz

A
  • staring spell
  • brief warnings
  • peculiar behavior during the sz
  • confusion after the sz
24
Q

atonic sz

A
  • either so stiff

- or sudden loss of muscle tone

25
Q

simple focal sz

A

remain conscious but experience unusual feelings or sensations

26
Q

complex focal sz

A

alteration/loss of consciousness, producing a dream like experience

27
Q

complications of sz

A
  • status epilepticus: constant sz -> brain exhaustion -> brain dead
  • severe injury
  • psychosocial problems
28
Q

diagnostic studies for sz

A
  • health hx
  • EEG
  • magnetoencephalography
  • CBC, chem, LFTs, BUN/Cr, UA
  • CT or MRI
  • cerebral angiography
29
Q

drug tx for tonic-clonic and focal sz

A
  • dilantin
  • neurontin
  • keppra
30
Q

drug tx for absence and myoclonic sz

A
  • klonopin

- depakote

31
Q

drug tx for status epilepticus

A
  • ativan

- valium

32
Q

surgery for sz

A

anterior temporal lobe resection

MedSurg (22 decks)

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