chronic neuro problems 2 Flashcards
1
Q
multiple sclerosis (MS)
A
- chronic, progressive, degenerative dx of the CNS
- demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord occurs
2
Q
population affected by MS
A
- ages 20-50
- women affected more than men
3
Q
cause of MS
A
- infectious
- immunologic
- genetic
4
Q
s/s of MS
A
- motor s/s
- sensory (tingling)
- Lhermitte’s sign
- lack of coordination
- depression
- constipation
- spastic or flaccid bladder
- lack of concentration and memory
- ED, decreased libido
5
Q
Lhermitte’s sign
A
when neck is flexed, electric shock felt
6
Q
diagnostic studies for MS
A
- H/P
- CSF analysis: increased IgG
- MRI: to look for scar tissue and demyelination
7
Q
drug tx for MS
A
- prednisone
- betaseron (immunomodulator)
- imuran (immunosuppressants)
- lioresal (muscle relaxant)
- ritalin
- oxybutynin
- ampyra (nerve conduction enhancer)
8
Q
nursing interventions for MS
A
- help pt ID triggers
- prevent major complications of immobility
- good balance of exercise and rest
- adeqaute intake of fiber
- avoiding the hazards of immobility
- self catherization
- avoid fatigue, extreme heat or cold, exposure to infection
9
Q
Parkinson’s disease (PD)
A
- chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder
- bradykinesia
- muscle rigidity
- tremors at rest
- gait disturbance
10
Q
s/s of PD
A
- onset is gradual and insidious
- classic triad: tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia
11
Q
complications of PD
A
- nonmotor and motor symptoms
- dementia and neuropsychiatric problems
- dysphagia
- general debilitation may lead to pneumonia, UTIs, and skin breakdown
- orthostatic hypotension, falls/injury
12
Q
diagnosing PD
A
- no specific tests
- firm dx made when 2/3 s/s seen of classic triad
- ultimate confirmation is positive response to antiparkinsons drugs
13
Q
drug tx of PD
A
- sinemet (levodopa with carbidopa)
- parlodel
- artane
- cogentin
- benadryl
- symmetrel
- eldepryl
14
Q
other tx for PD
A
- deep brain stimulation
- food easy to chew and swallow
- adeqaute roughage
- bite size pieces
- small meals
- limit protein and vitamin B6
15
Q
myasthenia gravis (MG)
A
-autoimmune dx of the neuromuscular junction characterized by fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscle groups