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MedSurg > CVA/SAH > Flashcards

CVA/SAH Flashcards

1
Q

ischemia stroke

A

inadequate blood flow to a part of the brain

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2
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleed into the brain leading to death of brain cells

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3
Q

stroke

A
  • CVA or brain attack
  • area of the brain affected will determine what functions are lost or impaired
  • leading cause of long term disability in the US
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4
Q

common long term disabilities

A
  • hemiparesis
  • inability to walk
  • complete or partial dependence for ADLs
  • aphasia
  • depression
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5
Q

internal carotid artery

A

supplies anterior part of brain

  • frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes
  • basal ganglia
  • part of diencephalon
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6
Q

vertebral artery

A

supplies posterior part of brain

  • temporal and occipital lobes
  • cerebellum
  • brainstem
  • diencephalon
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7
Q

cerebral requirements

A
  • continuous supply of O2 and glucose

- blood flow 750-1000mL/min or 20% of CO

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8
Q

mechanisms to maintain blood flow

A
  • cerebral autoregulation
  • potent vasodilators: increased CO2, Low PaO2
  • systemic BP, CO, blood viscosity
  • collateral circulation
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9
Q

cerebral autoregulation

A

changes in diameter of cerebral blood vessels so that the blood flow stay constant

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10
Q

things that can slow blood flow

A
  • increased ICP

- atherosclerosis

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11
Q

conditions associated with stroke

A
  • atrial fibrillation
  • cardiac valve abnormalities
  • DM
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12
Q

TIA

A
  • temporary focal loss of neurologic function
  • affects
  • focal brain injury
  • spinal cord
  • retinal ischemia
  • s/s usually last less than an hour
  • no infarction
  • may be d/t emboli
  • precursor to worsening CVD
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13
Q

types of stroke

A
  • ischemic: thrombotic, embolic

- hemorrhagic: intracerebral, subarachnoid

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14
Q

thrombotic stroke

A
  • injury to vessel wall, blood clot forms
  • develops where atherosclerotic plaques are developed
  • infarction if there is occlusion
  • mostly associate with HTN and DM
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15
Q

last stage of ischemic cascade

A

cell death/apoptosis

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16
Q

embolic stroke

A
  • embolus travels and lodges and occludes a cerebral artery
  • results in infarction and edema
  • usually from heart conditions
  • solid (fat), liquid (amniotic fluid), gas (air)
  • occurs rapidly, no time for collateral circulation
  • recurrence is common
17
Q

intracerebral stroke

A
  • bleeding in brain d/t rupture of a vessel
  • sudden onset of s/s
  • poor prognosis
18
Q

subarachnoid stroke

A
  • bleeding between the arachnoid mater and pia mater
  • usually from genetics, trauma, cocaine
  • “worst HA of my life”
  • complications: rebleed, vasospasm
19
Q

R brain damage

A
  • L side hemiplegia
  • L sided neglect
  • spatial perceptual deficits
  • tends to deny of minimize problems
  • rapid performance, short attention span
  • impulsive, safety issues
  • impaired judgment
  • impaired time concepts
20
Q

L brain damage

A
  • R side hemiplegia
  • impaired speech/language
  • impaired R/L discrimination
  • slow performance
  • aware of deficits: depression, anxiety
  • impaired comprehension r/t language, math
21
Q

motor functions s/s of stroke

A
  • akinesia
  • alterations in muscle tone and reflexes
  • impairment of integration of movements
  • initial period of flaccidity, following spasticity
22
Q

communication s/s of stroke

A
  • dysphasia/aphasia
  • dysarthria: disturbance in muscular control of speech
  • impairments in pronunciation, articulation, phonation
23
Q

nonfluent aphasia

A

minimal speech activity with slow speech

24
Q

fluent aphasia

A

-speech is present but contains little meaningful communication

25
Q

receptive aphasia

A

loss of comprehension

26
Q

expressive aphasia

A

loss of production of language

27
Q

affect s/s of stroke

A
  • difficulty controlling emotions

- emotions may be exaggerated or unpredictable

28
Q

intellectual function s/s of stroke

A

-impaired memory and judgment

29
Q

spatial-perceptual alterations s/s of stroke

A
  • R sided stroke
  • incorrect perception of self and illness
  • agnosia
  • apraxia
30
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects by sight, touch, or hearing

31
Q

apraxia

A

inability to carry out learned sequential tasks

32
Q

elimination s/s of stroke

A
  • urinary & bowel incontinence are temporary

- when stroke affects one hemisphere of brain, prognosis is excellent

33
Q

gold standard for diagnosing stroke

A

non-contrast CT

MedSurg (22 decks)

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