CKD Flashcards
1
Q
chronic kidney disease
A
- nonreversible destruction of both kidneys
- nonfunctional scar tissue replaces destroyed nephrons
- up to 80% of GFR may be lost
- GFR
2
Q
main causes of CKD
A
- diabetes
- HTN
3
Q
uremia in CKD
A
- kidney function declines to the point that symptoms occur in multiple body systems
- often underdog and undertx d/t frequently asymptomatic
- often occurs when GFR
4
Q
urinary s/s
A
- polyuria: usually d/t DM
- early stages: no changes in UO
- SG 1.010
- anuria when pt on dialysis
5
Q
metabolic s/s
A
- waste product accumulation
- BUN/Cr increase
- impaired glucose sensitivity (need extremely high doses of insulin)
- elevated triglycerides
6
Q
electrolytes and acid base s/s
A
- hyperkalemia
- hyponatremia
- hyperMg: hard to dialysize out
- metabolic acidosis
7
Q
hematologic s/s
A
- anemia
- bleeding tendencies d/t defective platelets
- infection
- increased incidence of Ca
8
Q
CV s/s
A
- HTN
- accelerated atherosclerosis
- MI
- stroke
- CHF
- cardiac dysrhythmias
- uremia pericarditis (non radiating CP)
9
Q
most common cause of death in pts with CKD
A
CV disease
10
Q
respiratory s/s
A
- kussmaul’s
- dyspnea
- pulmonary edema
- uremia pleuritis
- pleural effusion
- uremia lung
11
Q
GI s/s
A
- gastritis
- mucosal ulcerations
- stomatitis
- gastroparesis
- GI bleed
- diarrhea/constipation
12
Q
neurological s/s
A
- CNS depression
- sz
- HTN encephalopathy
- dialysis encephalopathy
- peripheral neuropathy
13
Q
musculoskeletal s/s
A
- CKD-mineral and bone disorder
- osteomalacia
- osteitis fibrosa
- vascular wall calcification
- intracardiac calfication
14
Q
CKD mineral and bone disorder
A
- as kidney function deteriorates, less it D is converted to the active form
- which leads to decreased Ca absorption from the intestines
15
Q
integumentary s/s
A
- yellow-gray discoloration
- pruritus
- uremic frost
- petechiae
- ecchymoses
- dry brittle hair and nails
