AKI Flashcards
1
Q
renal failure
A
partial or complete impairment of kidney function
-inability to excrete metabolic waste products and water
2
Q
acute kidney injury
A
- sudden or rapid reduction in kidney function
- potentially reversible
- mortality rate remains high
3
Q
causes of acute kidney injury
A
- prolonged ischemia (hypotension or hypovolemia)
- nephrotoxic agents
4
Q
azotemia
A
- accumulation of nitrogenous waste products
- increased BUN/Cr
5
Q
uremia
A
- renal function declines to the point that s/s develop in multiple body systems
- UOP
6
Q
prerenal failure
A
- caused by external factors
- these factors reduce systemic circulation, leading to decreased renal blood flow
- no actual dmg to the kidneys
7
Q
intrarenal failure
A
- conditions that cause direct damage to the renal parenchyma
- these conditions lead to impaired function of the nephron
- d/t prolonged ischemia, nephrotoxins, hemolysis of RBCs, and myoglobin released from necrotic cells
8
Q
acute tubular necrosis
A
- most common cause of internal AKI
- constriction, decreased blood flow, decreased GFR, tubular dysfunction, and oliguria
9
Q
postrenal failure
A
- mechanical obstruction of the urinary outflow
- urine refluxes into the renal pelvis, impairing function
10
Q
initiating phase
A
- causative event
- @ time of insult
- continues until pt has s/s
11
Q
the faster you go thru the oliguric phase
A
the faster the prognosis
12
Q
prerenal oliguria
A
- SG > 1.025
- low urine Na concentration
- can give fluids to pt
13
Q
intrarenal oliguria
A
- normal or fixed SG
- high Na concentration
- RBCs, WBCs in urine
- giving fluids won’t work
14
Q
diuretic phase
A
- gradual increase in UOP
- nephrons not fully functional
- kidney has recovered its ability to excrete
- duration: 1-3 weeks
15
Q
what to monitor in diuretic phase
A
- large losses of Na, K, dehydration
- acid-base, electrolytes, BUN/Cr begin to normalize
