Hitler's rise to power, 1919-1933 Flashcards

1
Q

When and where was Adolf Hitler born?

A

Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria.

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1
Q

What was Hitler’s reaction to the start of World War One?

A

He was caught up in the excitement and joined the German army.

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2
Q

How was Hitler’s military service during World War One?

A

He was badly wounded twice and won two Iron Crosses for bravery.

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3
Q

What impact did Germany’s surrender in November 1918 have on Hitler?

A

The surrender was a shock to him and profoundly affected his political views.

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4
Q

What term did many Germans use to refer to the politicians who signed the armistice in November 1918?

A

“November Criminals.”

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5
Q

Why did some Germans believe Jews were responsible for Germany’s surrender?

A

Many people were led to believe that Jews in the army and government had encouraged the surrender.

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6
Q

What party did Hitler join in 1919?

A

Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party (DAP).

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7
Q

Who led the German Workers’ Party when Hitler joined?

A

The party was led by Anton Drexler.

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8
Q

What role did Hitler take on in the party in 1920?

A

He became the Party’s leading public speaker and propagandist.

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9
Q

What was the new name of the party in 1920?

A

The party was renamed the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), or Nazis.

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10
Q

When was Hitler elected Party Chairman and leader of the Nazis?

A

Hitler was elected Party Chairman and leader of the Nazis in 1921

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11
Q

What is Social Darwinism in the context of Nazi beliefs?

A

The idea that the Aryan race was superior and Jews were ‘subhuman’.

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12
Q

What does Autarky mean in Nazi ideology?

A

The idea that Germany should be economically self sufficient.

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13
Q

What were the socialist policies in the 25-Point Programme?

A

Farmers should be given their land, pensions should improve, and public industries such as electricity and water should be owned by the state.

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14
Q

What were the nationalist policies in the 25-Point Programme?

A

All German-speaking people should be united in one country, the Treaty of Versailles should be abolished, and there should be special laws for foreigners

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15
Q

How did Nazi Party membership grow from 1920 to 1923?

A

It grew from 2,000 members at the end of 1920 to 20,000 by the time of the Munich Putsch in November 1923.

16
Q

What were the main roles of the SA?

A

To protect party meetings, march in Nazi rallies, and intimidate political opponents by breaking up their meetings

17
Q

What event did Hitler try to take advantage of in November 1923 to launch the Munich Putsch?

A

Hitler tried to take advantage of the hyperinflation crisis facing the Weimar government.

18
Q

What did Kahr and Lossow do on 4 October 1923 that put Hitler in a difficult situation?

A

Kahr and Lossow called off the rebellion.

19
Q

What happened on the night of 8 November 1923?

A

Hitler and 600 SA members burst into a meeting held by Kahr and Lossow at a local Beer Hall and forced them to agree to rebel.

20
Q

What were the short-term consequences of the Munich Putsch for the Nazi Party?

A

banned party and Hitler was prevented from speaking in public until 1927. Hitler was tried for high treason and sentenced to five years in prison.

21
Q

What strategic lesson did Hitler learn from the failure of the Munich Putsch?

A

would never come to power by revolution
needed to use democratic means,
Nazi Party to take part in elections.

22
Q

Who was Josef Goebbels and what was his role?

A

Berlin Gauleiter who experimented with new propaganda techniques to spread the Nazi message.

23
Q

What was the Bamberg Conference and when was it held?

A

special Nazi Party conference-14 February 1926 to address tensions between the northern and southern sections of the party.

24
Q

What was decided at the Bamberg Conference?

A

Policies seen as communist.
- The 25-Point Programme was reaffirmed as the party’s policy platform
-(Leader Principle) was established, asserting Hitler’s absolute control over the party

25
Q

Why was Germany particularly affected by the global depression?

A

American banks called in their foreign loans, which had been crucial for Germany’s economic recovery under the Dawes Plan.

26
Q

How did the Communist Red Fighting League and the Nazi SA contribute to the political climate in Germany?

A

They broke up opposition party meetings, confronted the police, and clashed with each other in street battles.

27
Q

: How did Nazi propaganda utilize technology and media?

A

By using aeroplanes for Hitler’s speeches, radios to broadcast important speeches, and rallies to excite supporters

28
Q

Who replaced von Papen as Chancellor in December 1932?

A

Kurt von Schleicher, an army general, was appointed as Chancellor.

29
Q

: What led to Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor in January 1933?

A

Von Papen/ Hindenburg believed they could control Hitler appointed him as Chancellor with von Papen as Vice Chancellor.

30
Q

What was the main reason Hindenburg and von Papen appointed Hitler as Chancellor?

A

They believed they could manipulate and control him to achieve their own goals.