Hitler's rise to power, 1919-1933 Flashcards
When and where was Adolf Hitler born?
Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria.
What was Hitler’s reaction to the start of World War One?
He was caught up in the excitement and joined the German army.
How was Hitler’s military service during World War One?
He was badly wounded twice and won two Iron Crosses for bravery.
What impact did Germany’s surrender in November 1918 have on Hitler?
The surrender was a shock to him and profoundly affected his political views.
What term did many Germans use to refer to the politicians who signed the armistice in November 1918?
“November Criminals.”
Why did some Germans believe Jews were responsible for Germany’s surrender?
Many people were led to believe that Jews in the army and government had encouraged the surrender.
What party did Hitler join in 1919?
Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party (DAP).
Who led the German Workers’ Party when Hitler joined?
The party was led by Anton Drexler.
What role did Hitler take on in the party in 1920?
He became the Party’s leading public speaker and propagandist.
What was the new name of the party in 1920?
The party was renamed the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), or Nazis.
When was Hitler elected Party Chairman and leader of the Nazis?
Hitler was elected Party Chairman and leader of the Nazis in 1921
What is Social Darwinism in the context of Nazi beliefs?
The idea that the Aryan race was superior and Jews were ‘subhuman’.
What does Autarky mean in Nazi ideology?
The idea that Germany should be economically self sufficient.
What were the socialist policies in the 25-Point Programme?
Farmers should be given their land, pensions should improve, and public industries such as electricity and water should be owned by the state.
What were the nationalist policies in the 25-Point Programme?
All German-speaking people should be united in one country, the Treaty of Versailles should be abolished, and there should be special laws for foreigners
How did Nazi Party membership grow from 1920 to 1923?
It grew from 2,000 members at the end of 1920 to 20,000 by the time of the Munich Putsch in November 1923.
What were the main roles of the SA?
To protect party meetings, march in Nazi rallies, and intimidate political opponents by breaking up their meetings
What event did Hitler try to take advantage of in November 1923 to launch the Munich Putsch?
Hitler tried to take advantage of the hyperinflation crisis facing the Weimar government.
What did Kahr and Lossow do on 4 October 1923 that put Hitler in a difficult situation?
Kahr and Lossow called off the rebellion.
What happened on the night of 8 November 1923?
Hitler and 600 SA members burst into a meeting held by Kahr and Lossow at a local Beer Hall and forced them to agree to rebel.
What were the short-term consequences of the Munich Putsch for the Nazi Party?
banned party and Hitler was prevented from speaking in public until 1927. Hitler was tried for high treason and sentenced to five years in prison.
What strategic lesson did Hitler learn from the failure of the Munich Putsch?
would never come to power by revolution
needed to use democratic means,
Nazi Party to take part in elections.
Who was Josef Goebbels and what was his role?
Berlin Gauleiter who experimented with new propaganda techniques to spread the Nazi message.
What was the Bamberg Conference and when was it held?
special Nazi Party conference-14 February 1926 to address tensions between the northern and southern sections of the party.
What was decided at the Bamberg Conference?
Policies seen as communist.
- The 25-Point Programme was reaffirmed as the party’s policy platform
-(Leader Principle) was established, asserting Hitler’s absolute control over the party
Why was Germany particularly affected by the global depression?
American banks called in their foreign loans, which had been crucial for Germany’s economic recovery under the Dawes Plan.
How did the Communist Red Fighting League and the Nazi SA contribute to the political climate in Germany?
They broke up opposition party meetings, confronted the police, and clashed with each other in street battles.
: How did Nazi propaganda utilize technology and media?
By using aeroplanes for Hitler’s speeches, radios to broadcast important speeches, and rallies to excite supporters
Who replaced von Papen as Chancellor in December 1932?
Kurt von Schleicher, an army general, was appointed as Chancellor.
: What led to Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor in January 1933?
Von Papen/ Hindenburg believed they could control Hitler appointed him as Chancellor with von Papen as Vice Chancellor.
What was the main reason Hindenburg and von Papen appointed Hitler as Chancellor?
They believed they could manipulate and control him to achieve their own goals.
