History Russia mock revision Flashcards
4 non-communist economic policies
- Stopped practice of requisitioning food
- Small factories (less than 20 workers) were privatised
- New rouble was introduced to end inflation
- Any extra food was allowed to be kept or even sold for a profit
3 communist economic policies
- Peasants had to supply amount of what they grew to the government
- Programme of electrification continued and extended to rural areas
- All important industries such as coal and steel remained nationalised
2 problems faced by the tsar in 1905
The revolution and the Russo-Japanese war
5 short term causes of the 1905 revolution
- Economic slump led to high unemployment rates, angered the working classes
- Russia’s fleet was shot down in under an hour by the Japanese (after sailing for 6 months)
- Middle class were angry that Tsar wouldn’t share his power
- Nationwide food shortages due to the war effort
- Government introduced high taxation, this had disastrous effects on the people.
5 long term causes of the 1905 revolution
- Peasants were dissatisfied with living conditions and how land was divided up
- Workers wanted higher wages and shorter hours
- Poor harvests in 1900 and 1902, this resulted in starvation and attacks on land owners
- Peasants had to make redemption payments over 40 years
- Governments oppressive policies the to persecution of the people.
Bloody Sunday date and what happened
22nd January 1905
Father Gapon led 3,000 people to the Winter Palace in Petrograd to protest the poor living conditions and also to deliver a petition asking for a reform. Tsar wanted to protect the gate so when the protestors advanced, 10,000 cossack soldiers, opened fire. 1,000 people were killed.
what did the October manifesto promise
Freedom of speech, Establish a Duma, No new laws without consent of the Duma.
Broken October Manifesto promises
- Voting system was unfair, rich had more influence than the poor
- Duma had little influence over the tsar and new laws
- First 2 dumas were dismissed for demanding reforms
- Further changes introduced to exclude socialists.
A soviet
Soldiers and workers in a union together (Petrograd soviet had 2500 members)
Bolshevik strengths
- Lenin spent many years preparing the Bolsheviks for revolution he was a good leader
- They criticised ww1
- Leaders were ready to take power
- Red Guards put down Kornilov report
- Lenin had support of the Petrograd soviet and the Moscow soviet
- Timings were right
- Russian people now had viable opposition to support
What did the Bolsheviks do once they took power
- Banned non-communist newspapers, published Prava (Bolshevik newspaper)
- Factories were put under control of worker committees
- Lenin ends the war, sent Trotsky to sign Treaty of Brest-Litvosk (signed March 1918)
Red Strengths
- Controlled railway, good for supplies
- High Moral
- Trotsky was a good organiser and leader, clever use of propaganda
- War communism
White Weaknesses
- No one aim - Leaders wanted different things
- No single leader
- Generals were brutal and harsh
- White terror
- Whites appeared to be puppets of the foreign powers
When did the bolsheviks establish the Cheka and what were they
December 1917, Secret police
When were the Tsar and his family murdered
July 18th 1918
January 1905
400,000 workers on strike by end of month
Government couldn’t control the outbreaks
February 1905
Strikes spread to cities in the west
workers demanded 8 hrs a day
March and May 1905
Russian army and navy defeated by japan
Led to demands for change
June 1905
Middle class liberals demanded freedom of speech and the right to form political parties
July 1905
Peasants rioted, land was seized by them and landowners were looted and burned
September 1905
Peace treaty signed between Russia and Japan in 1905 - to end the Russo-Japanese war - Treaty of Portsmouth
October 1905
October 30th, the October manifesto was introduced, promises made by the tsar that gave in to the demands of the people
Petrograd Soviet was formed, spread and formed in other cities
December 1905
Tsar sent troops to put down Moscow soviet
Who were the PG led by
Alexander Kerensky
PG was made up of…
12 men
PG weaknesses
Failed to solve food shortages Unwilling to hand over land to peasants Continued fighting in ww1 Did not make decisions quickly Lost support of the army Petrograd soviet were too strong
