History - cold war quiz

Question 1

Two key differences between a capitalist and a communist

Answer 1

1. Communist - everything is owned by the state, capitalist, things are owned by the people
2. Wealth distribution - capitalist, people earn their living, money, property, material objects etc

Question 2

3 leaders that attended the Yalta conference

Answer 2

1. Roosevelt
2. Churchill
3. Stalin

Question 3

two key decisions made in Yalta

Answer 3

The splitting up of Germany
that Berlin would also be divided

Question 4

3 leaders who attended Potsdam

Answer 4

1. Truman
2. Attlee
3. Stalin

Question 5

Two Japanese cities that were bombed in 1945

Answer 5

1. Nagasaki
2. Hiroshima

Question 6

March 1946, how did Churchill describe the division between the East and West?

Answer 6

In a speech, he labelled the division as an “iron curtain”. Emphasising that the division was an unbreakable barrier

Question 7

3 countries that were soviet satellite states by 1948

Answer 7

Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia

Question 8

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 8

A policy of containment conducted by President Harry Truman - To try and keep communism from spreading to other countries

Question 9

What was the Marshall Plan and Marshall aid? What did Stalin accuse the Americans of doing?

Answer 9

The Marshall Plan was a policy made by George marshall where the Americans would help European countries by giving them money, artillery etc. (This was called Marshall aid.) Stalin accused the Americans of trying to steal back once capital countries

Question 10

Cominform is short for

Answer 10

Communist Information Bureau

Question 11

3 countries involved in Comecon

Answer 11

Russia
Bulgaria
Hungary

Question 12

Why did the allies have to airlift supplies to West Berlin in June 1945

Answer 12

Because the Soviets blocked all other ways of transport, e.g railway, canal

Question 13

Two results of the Berlin blockade

Answer 13

1. West and East Germany was established
2. NATO was formed

Question 14

What was the purpose of the formation of NATO

Answer 14

the purpose of the formation of NATO was so the North Atlantic countries could share security

Question 15

Why did the American get involved in the Korean war, name 2 policies

Answer 15

The Americans got involved in the Korean war because they wanted to prevent the spread of communism
1. containment
2. domino theory

Question 16

Name of General that led Un forces to Korea

Answer 16

MacArthur

Question 17

Name of dividing line between north and south Korea

Answer 17

38th parallel

Question 18

3 features of de-Stalinisation

Answer 18

1. Returning stalinised names to original e.g Stalingrad to Petrograd
2. The freedom of the press
3. Stalin statues were taken down

Question 19

How did Khrushchev’s policy change relationships between the East and West (name policy)

Answer 19

Detente - cooled relationships down due to the theory of MAD, scared that there would be nuclear warfare

Question 20

ICBM missiles

Answer 20

Intercontinental ballistic missiles - long-range missiles that could be fired from land

Question 21

(in 1955) West Germany was admitted to NATO, what was the reaction of the Eastern powers to this, and which countries joined this new organisation

Answer 21

They created the Warsaw pact, the countries that belonged to this were, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary

Question 22

What marked the beginning of the space race

Answer 22

the launch of Sputnik

Question 23

What action did Russia take on Nagy when he wanted to leave the Warsaw pact

Answer 23

They captured him, and executed him for treason

Question 24

What were the main features of a U2 plane, why was it a benefit to the west during the cold war

Answer 24

The U2 plane had a camera on it, this was useful during the cold war because it meant the countries could spy on each other

Question 25

Why did the U2 affect friendly talks between the east and west?

Answer 25

Although they kept negotiating, they kept spying on each other, which meant trust couldn't be made

Question 26

Who outed Batista from Cuba

Answer 26

Fidel Castro

Question 27

3 results of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 27

Soviet missiles were removed from Cuba The USA ended the quarantine Cuba remained communist

Question 28

2 results of the Czechoslovakia uprising

Answer 28

end of one-party rule they had freedom and less cencorship

Question 29

Guerrilla warfare

Answer 29

Tactics the vietcong used. Warfare based on suprise attacks. Used by smaller armies when facing stronger oppsition

Question 30

Truman Doctrine

Answer 30

Truman's Doctrine of "containment", stopping communism spreading by military, seconomic and other means

Question 31

Iron curtain

Answer 31

Churchill's phrase to show Europe divided between East and west - communism and capitalism.

Question 32

Marshall plan

Answer 32

June 1947, luaunched by George Marshall. USA thought poorer countries were more likely to become communist $13bn went to European countries, also helped them rebuild if they were capitalist Stalin stopped Eastern countries joining by creating Comecon as an alternative

Question 33

Truman Doctrine year and explanation

Answer 33

March 1947. He said the USA would contain communism by offering to help countries under threat from it. USA became more involved in Europe Stalemate created Cominform to unite all Eastern European communist countries as a result

Question 34

NATO

Answer 34

Military alliance North Atlantic treaty organisation USA, Canada, and western Europe to help West vs Russia. Joined forces and agreed to protect eachother. Nuclear weapons were held by Britain, USA and France

Question 35

Warsaw pact

Answer 35

Set up by ussr, in response to NATO, which stalin saw as aggressive containing all communist Eastern European nations. Ussr were the only country to hold nuclear weapons

Question 36

Arms race

Answer 36

Ussr tested first atomic bomb in 1949 USA built a hydrogen bomb in 1952, ussr then built their own. By 1960, both USA and ussr's military budgets were high. Both sides were MAD so neither fired weapons.

Question 37

Space race

Answer 37

Started with launch of sputnik in 1957 - USSR Satellite Then laika was sent to space by USSR 1961 - Yuri Gaharin, first man in space, USA not far behind JFK announces that they will land on the moon by end of decade - 1961 1969 - moon landing (usa) 1975 - joint space mission between USA and ussr

Question 38

De-stalinisation

Answer 38

Stalin died 1933. After death and several leaders Nikita Khrushchev denounced methods by stalin leading to the end of his cult personality.

Question 39

U2 crisis and Paris peace summit

Answer 39

Gary powers shot may 1st 1960 after photographing USSR weapon development. Sentenced to 10 years, increased tensions USA and USSR were going to meet in Paris to discuss anti-proliferation of nuclear weapons, it was cancelled. Both countries continued to spy on eachother.

Question 40

Hungarian uprising

Answer 40

Soviet satellite state. Hungarian leader killed in 1949 for lack of loyalty to stalin, replaced by Rakosi who was loyal to stalin Khrushchev comes to power and de-stalinised russia - 23rd October 1956, uprising began. Navy announced as leader, promised reforms and freedom. Soviets attacked but withdrew. Seemed like a Hungarian victory as they wanted to leave Warsaw pact. Khrushchev did not want Hungary to be free. Sent society army in, killed innocents. America did not respond.

Question 41

Berlin Crisis

Answer 41

1961. Following first Berlin crisis, tensions were still high. Thousands were defecting from East Berlin to west Berlin everyday. August 13, East German troops closed border. Replaced with concrete after a week, lasted till 1989

Question 42

Cuban missile crisis

Answer 42

America supported old leader, batista. 1959 - castro took power, ejected all us business from Cuba. America refused to buy sugar or coffee as a result. Khrushchev wanted to use Cuba to Bully USA.

Question 43

Prague spring

Answer 43

1968. Life in Czechoslovakia was difficult - poverty etc. Soviet satellite state, controlled By USSR. Wanted reforms, ussr said no, leader forced to resign,replaced by Dubcek, because he was communist. Dubcek started reforms. Soviet tanks invaded Czechoslovakia, Killed hundreds. Because USSR killed many, people started to lose faith in communism.

Question 44

Reasons for detente

Answer 44

Vietnam Nixon's visit to China MAD Human rights

Question 45

Detente talks

Answer 45

Test ban treaty 1963 Nixon Doctrine 1968 Helsinki agreement 1975

Question 46

Korea

Answer 46

After ww11, Korea split into and northern communist nation and southern capitalist nation (38 parallel) June 1950 - North Korea invaded South, hoping to take country for themselves, USA encouraged UN to help push North Korean forces back Sep 1950 - General macarthur and his troops pushed north into China Nov 1950 - macarthur suggested using a-bomb on China and was fired. China and North pushed UN forces beyond 38 parallel July 1951 - war ends in stalemate, ceasefire signed in 1953. 38 parallel became iron curtain

Question 47

Vietnam

Answer 47

After french were forced out of Vietnam on 1954, uss feared if it went communist domino theory would happen. 1954 agreement - divided Vietnam, North was communist, south was run by non-communist dictator. 1964 - us claimed USS Maddock attacked North Vietnamese communists. Used to convince Congress to declare war.