BTEC GCSE EXAM APRIL 1ST

Question 1

Fitness

Answer 1

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

Question 2

Health

Answer 2

Th state of complete mental, physical and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 3

Performance

Answer 3

How well a task is completed

Question 4

Aerobic Endurance

Answer 4

The ability of the cardio-respiratory system (heart/lungs) to work for long periods of time (30 mins or over)

Question 5

Cardiovascular

Answer 5

Transports oxygen and nutrients to tissues in the body. It is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 6

Respiratory

Answer 6

Brings oxygen into the body. It is made up of the lungs and airways

Question 7

3 Examples of athletes that need aerobic endurance

Answer 7

Marathon runners, Long distance swimmers, Cyclists

Question 8

Muscular strength

Answer 8

The maximum force a muscle can produce. Measured in Kilograms (kg) or Newtons (N). Can be improved through weight training

Question 9

Explosive strength

Answer 9

One quick contraction. Example - Javelin

Question 10

Dynamic strength

Answer 10

Can be repeated

Example - sit ups

Question 11

Speed

Answer 11

Time taken to cover a set distance (m/sec). Can be improved through sprint training

Question 12

3 types of speed

Answer 12

1. Acceleration: Sprints up to 30 m
2. Pure: sprints up to 60 m
3. Endurance: Sprints with short recovery in-between

Question 13

Muscular endurance

Answer 13

The ability to work your muscles for long periods of time without getting tired. Essential for long distance events. Can be improved by taking part in long-duration weight training

Question 14

3 examples of athletes that need Muscular endurance

Answer 14

Footballers, cyclists, rowers

Question 15

Flexibility

Answer 15

The amount of movement you have at a joint. The ability of the muscles to stretch and then return to their original position fluidly, important for reducing the risk of muscle strains and injury. Can be improved by stretching on a regular basis

Question 16

3 examples of athletes that need flexibility

Answer 16

Gymnasts, Divers, figure skaters

Question 17

Body composition

Answer 17

The % of your body weight made up of fat, muscle, vital organs and bone. The ratio of fat mass : fat free mass

Question 18

What is Fat-free mass

Answer 18

fat-free mass is made up of vital organs, muscles and bones in the body

Question 19

somatotype

Answer 19

A human body shape and physique type

Question 20

Types of Somatotype

Answer 20

1. Endomorph - Short, stocky, thicker joints, wide hips, shorter limbs, gain fat and muscle easy
2. Mesomorph - Broad shoulders, fast metabolism, low fat level, noticeable muscle
3. Ectomorph - Low fat and muscle level, narrow shoulders, flat chest, thin, long limbs,

Question 21

Skill related fitness

Answer 21

Agility, Balance, Coordination, reaction time, Power

Question 22

Agility

Answer 22

The ability of a sportsperson to change direction quickly: this could be in the air or on the ground. Training has little/no effect on agility

Question 23

3 examples of athletes that need agility

Answer 23

Basketball players, football players, gymnasts

Question 24

Balance

Answer 24

The ability of the performer to retain their centre of gravity/mass over their base of support. Balance cannot really be trained but can be improved through practice

Question 25

Types of balance

Answer 25

Static - Little/ no movement is produced example - handstand Dynamic - Movement is produced during a balance example - keeping balance on a board, skateboard, surfing

Question 26

3 examples of athletes that need balance

Answer 26

Surfing, Equestrian, gymnastics

Question 27

Coordination

Answer 27

The ability to use 2 or more parts of the body smoothly and accurately at the same time. This cannot be improved through training , but can improve specific actions through practice

Question 28

3 examples of sports that need coordination

Answer 28

Tennis, Table tennis, basketball

Question 29

Reaction time

Answer 29

The time taken to respond to a stimulus. A stimulus could be anything from a starting gun to a side-step by an opponent. Can be improved in training

Question 30

3 examples of sports that need reaction time

Answer 30

table tennis, runners, tennis

Question 31

Power

Answer 31

The ability to combine strength with speed. The work done in a unit of time

Question 32

Equation for power

Answer 32

Power = force (kg) x speed (time min/sec)

Question 33

3 examples of sports that need power

Answer 33

shotput, sprinting, weightlifting

Question 34

Who invented the Borg Scale

Answer 34

Professor Gunnar Borg in 1970

Question 35

What is the Borg Scale, what does it do?

Answer 35

Measures how much work you put into an activity, rate of perceived exertion (RPE)

Question 36

RPE equation

Answer 36

RPE x 10 = Heart Rate (HR/BPM) e.g. working at 17 (very hard) means their HR is 170 BPM

Question 37

RPE scale

Answer 37

``` 6 - no exertion 7 - extremely light 9 - very light 13 - somewhat hard 15 - hard 17 - very hard 19 - Extremely hard 20 maximal exertion ```

Question 38

Training threshold

Answer 38

How high your heart rate needs to be in order for the body to train effectively and show an improvement. You should exercise at this rate for at least 20-30 mins 3/5 times a week

Question 39

Max heart rate equation

Answer 39

``` Max heart rate - 220 - age example: training zone for 15 year old = 1HR -205 60% x 205 =123 80% x 205 = 164 training threshold = 123 ```

Question 40

Individual differences in training plans

Answer 40

The programma should be designed to meet individual training goals and needs, fitness, skill level likes/ dislikes

Question 41

Principles of training: SPORT followed by some R&R

Answer 41

``` S pecificity P rogressive O verload R eversibility T edium with some R est & R ecovery ```

Question 42

Principles of training: FITT for SPORT

Answer 42

Frequency - How many times you train Intensity - How hard you train Time - how long you train for Type - What type of exercise you do

Question 43

S meaning in SPORT

Answer 43

Specificity - Thinking about what you are trying to achieve, being specific to the training goal (e.g. a footballer will train with/around the sport)

Question 44

P meaning in SPORT

Answer 44

Progression - developing or not developing over time. If a plateau happens (no development or reversibility) more work will be added so you can progress. Also, where training is increased gradually as the body adjusts to the increased demands being made on it.

Question 45

O meaning in SPORT

Answer 45

Overload - Having an increase of training and intensity in training so you can improve

Question 46

R meaning in SPORT

Answer 46

Reversibility - Having too much training or training is too intense, you will not progress and begin to go backwards, you can do this by getting injured, ill or if you are overtired. Now because you have lost time and progress you now have to work back to the point before injuring yourself

Question 47

T meaning in SPORT

Answer 47

Repetition, when an exercise or training becomes boring, resulting in losing motivation.

Question 48

Rest meaning

Answer 48

inactivity for a period of time allocated to recovery

Question 49

Recovery

Answer 49

The time required to repair damage to the body

Question 50

Adaptation in training

Answer 50

How the body reacts to training loads by increasing its ability to cope with those loads. This occurs during the recovery period after the training session is completed