History-Chapter 6: The American Revolution-Test Flashcards
Which side did most Native Americans choose to take?
British
What was the Virginia Resolution?
document proclaiming that the colonies are, “and of right ought to be, free and independent states
Who wrote the Virginia Resolution?
Richard Henry Lee
What is the first part of the Declaration of Independence?
The preamble
What is the second part of the Declaration of Independence?
general ideas on society and government
What is the third part of the Declaration of Independence?
List of Grievances
What is the fourth part of the Declaration of Independence?
Resolution
What was considered the official end to the American Resolution?
The Treaty of Paris
approved by Congress on April 15, 1783
Why did the Americans win the Revolution?
Help from abroad
Skilled leadership
Patriotic spirit
Home territory
Why did African Americans support the Revolution?
They believed it would end slavery
In what ways did women help in the Revolution?
cooking
farming
helping/tending wounded
(they maintained the farms and businesses left behind by the men; they trailed behind the army, helping with supplies, feeding the army, and tending the wounded and/or sick)
What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783?
America was now independent
Loyalists were to be paid for lost property
American land extended from Atlantic to Mississippi
Who was Francis Marion and what was his nickname?
he lead guerrilla attacks against the British in the south
“Swamp Fox”
What were the boundaries of the U. S. after the Revolution?
East: Atlantic
West: Mississippi
North: Canada
South: Florida
What did Thaddeus Kosciusko contribute to the Revolution
(Polish) engineer who took charge of building West Point’s Fortifications
What impact did the Revolution have in other parts of the world?
Inspired revolts in Latin America and FRANCE!!!
Describe the conditions at Valley Forge and why this time was important for the Continental Army.
They did not have enough food, it was very cold, sickness was rampant, etc.
The Continental Army trained and spent the winter of 1777-1778 there.
Who was Charles Cornwallis and where did he surrender?
He was a British commander (General) who became trapped in Yorktown by the French/American army and French fleet, where he surrendered.
Why was Saratoga a significant battle?
considered a turning point of the war
France became allies with Americans.
What as the name of paper money printed by Congress at this time period?
Continentals
Name some of the foreign countries that came to help out the Americans.
France, Sapin, Germany
Who wrote “The Crisis” and why was it important?
Thomas Paine
inspired soldiers, kept them motivated to stay in war
Who was the patriot spy during the fight for New York?
Nathan Hale
Who was the Marquis de Lafayette?
A high-ranking officer from France who volunteered to help Americans. Also: he became a good friend of Washington; he exaggerated the difficulty of his journey from France; and he was ANTI-SLAVERY!!! #Awesomeness!!!!
Who attacked the British forts on the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico and which country was he from?
Bernando de Gálvez
Spain
Who was John Paul Jones and what was the name of his ship?
patriot naval officer/privateer for American side
“Bonhomme Richard”
What was the significance of the Battle of Trenton?
boosted American morale
Who was Friedrich von Steuben?
A German baron who directed training of Washington’s army
Who was Sir William Howe?
a british general who forced Washington’s troops to retreat during summer of 1776; led British during worst days of war for patriots
Who was Nathan Hale?
American spy; caught by British and put to death; showed highest level of commitment to freedom
Who was Thomas Paine?
Wrote “The Crisis” and helped soldiers stay committed to cause of freedom
AND “Common Sense” which is also #Awesomeness
George Washington
commander of patriot forces in key battles; great military leader and inspiring hero.
AND our first president, but NO ONE cares about that, NO ONE at all. ;-)
John Burgoyne
British General; planned to cut off New England, surrendered to General Gates at Saratoga
Horatio Gates
American (Major) General; surrounded Burgoyne at Saratoga, resulting in major turning point in war
Marquis de Lafayette
High ranking officer from France
volunteered to help patriots
helped Washington win key battles
AND he was anti-slavery! Does no one care?
Thaddeus Kosciusko
Polish engineer lead construction of West Point’s fortifications
Casimir Pulaski
led/trained patriot cavalry
Baron Friedrich von Steuben
helped train continental army
taught soldiers to march, and attack with bayonets
helped soldiers improve their aim
enlist
sign up for duty
civilian
non-military people
continental
American paper money, printed by Continental Congress
privateer,
armed civilian ships that had their government’s position to raid enemy ships
guerrilla
fighter who works as part of a small band to make hit and run attacks
traitor
person who betrays his or her country
T/F Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense urged the colonies to separate themselves from Britain.
T
T/F Ben Franklin wrote the Declaration of Independence.
F: Thomas Jefferson
T/F The Declaration was based on the ideas of the Enlightenment.
T
T/F The Declaration accused the colonial legislatures of violating the colonists’ rights.
F: Parliament and the King
T/F Congress approved the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776
T
T/F The Declaration changed the nature of the American Revolution.
T
Common Sense was published in
January 1776
Common Sense:
a pamphlet by Thomas Paine explaining rule by kings was ridiculous;
people were inspired;
500,000 copies distributed;
Support for independence strengthened in Congress
The Virginia Resolution was introduced to Congress in
May 1776
The Virginia Resolution
statement that proclaimed that the colonies should be free; congress decided to draw up a statement of separation from Britain
Who was chosen to write the Declaration of Independence.
Thomas Jefferson
The declaration of Independence
written by Thomas Jefferson; approved July 4 1776; signed August 2, 1776; colonists prepare to go to war for freedom; people remain inspired by the notion that “all men are created equal”
Which of the following phrases from the Declaration of Independence emphasizes the importance of natural rights:
A. “Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be challenged for light and transient causes…”
B. “In every state of these oppressions, we have petitions for redress in the most humble terms…”
C.”We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…”
D.”The history of the King of Britain is a history of repeated injuries…”
C.
T/F: The Continental Army won several early victories.
F
T/F: Washington and his troops crossed the Hudson River to attack the enemy on Christmas night, 1776.
F: Delaware River
T/F: A victory over Hessian troops at Trenton raised American morale.
T
T/F: The Battle of Saratoga was a major turning point in the Revolution.
T
T/F: France refused to help the US.
F: they allied themselves with the US after Saratoga
T/F: The Continental Army stayed at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777-1778.
T
Serapis Captured in Greatest American Sea Victory of War: Who led the battle described in the headline?
John Paul Jones
Which state’s militia refused to allow African American soldiers to serve?
Georgia
Why did Washington diced to accept African Americans into the Continental Army?
The British were gaining support from African Americans by promising them freedom.
Women on farms during the war…
plant and harvest crops and take care of the livestock
Women in towns during the war…
take over their husbands’ businesses.
Women in military camps…
take care of the wounded
From participating in the war effort, women gain…
a new confidence and more available opportunities.
Because states have 1 money to pay for war, Congress 2, so printed money becomes 3.
- no
- prints more and more Continentals
- worthless
George Rogers Clark was sent to attack forts…
west of the Appalachians which were controlled by British and Indians.
Was George Rogers Clark successful?
yes. He captured three key forts: Vincennes, Kaskaskia, and Cohokia.
Bernado de Gálvez provides…, …, and …..
money, weapons, and a safe harbor.
Bernando de Galvez attacked what?
British forts on Mississippi and Gulf of Mexico (Baton Rouge, Natchez, Mobile, and Pensacola)
Who gave millions of dollars to American war effort?
Havana’s Ladies
John Paul Jones’s ship was called…1
It fought the…2
- Bonhomme Richard
vs. - Serapis
How many privateers were in the American navy?
800
Cornwallis captured which two important southern cities?
Savannah, GA
Charleston, SC
Bands of southern Loyalists roamed SC, doing what?
burning, plundering, and massacring.
In October of 1780, on Kings Mountain in South Carolina, what happened?
900 or so frontier fighters defeated British troops and Loyalists.
Which important battle did General Daniel Morgan win? Was he a patriot or loyalist?
Battle of Cowpens
Patriot
What happened at Yorktown?
The British (under General Cornwallis) retreated to Yorktown, VA, expecting help from British fleet.
However, the French fleet has driven off the British fleet, trapping the British.
Then the French and American army cuts off any chance of escape from the Yorktown peninsula.
After some fighting, Cornwallis is forced to surrender.
Where was American/British peace negotiated?
Paris, France.
Bonuses: French Revolution Trivia!!!
A. How long did the French Revolution last?
B. What were the extremely radical rebels called?
C. What was the French version of the Boston Massacre (hint hint, it was a Massacre!)
A. Ten years
B. Jacobins
C. The Massacre at the Champ de Mars
(aka the field of war!!! In Roman/Latin/Romance/French)
