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Obs and Gynae > histology of female reproductive system- lecture > Flashcards

histology of female reproductive system- lecture Flashcards

1
Q
A

orange= uterus
black= cervix
green= vagina
red= ovary
blue= uterine tube

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2
Q

functions of ovaries?

A

2 related functions:
-produce gametes (termed oogenesis in females)
-produce steroids, mainly oestrogen and progesterone

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3
Q

what is the ovary structure made out of?

A

medulla and cortex

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4
Q

where is the medulla of the ovary found?

A

in the core of the organ

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5
Q

what is the medulla of the ovary continuous with?

A

the hilum of the ovary

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6
Q

what is the medulla made out of in the ovary?

A

loose connective tissue, contorted arteries, veins and lymphatics

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7
Q

what does the cortex of the ovaries contain?

A

-follicles and connective tissue with stromal cells and scattered smooth muscle fibres

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8
Q

what is the outer shell of the cortex made out of?

A

The outer ‘shell’ is made out of dense connective tissue layer called the tunica albuginea which is covered by a single layer of cuboidal cells called the germinal epithelium

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9
Q

what artery supplies the uterus and how does it enter?

A

Helicine arteries (branch of the uterine artery) enter the hilum from the broad ligament to supply the uterus

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10
Q

how and when are oogonia formed?

A

Around 6 weeks into embryonic development germ cells from the yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia

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11
Q

how are oocytes AKA ova formed from germ cells?

A

-at 6 weeks germ cells from yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis to form oogonia
-at roughly 7 months oogonia will undergo development and division via meiosis to form mature oocytes (AKA ova)

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12
Q

what is oogenesis

A

development of mature oocytes (female germ cells) from oogonia

(oogonia undergo meisosis to form mature oocytes)

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13
Q

what is folliculogenesis

A

growth of the follicle, which consists of the oocyte and any associated support cells

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14
Q

what is atresia

A

a condition in which a body orifice or passage in the body is abnormally closed or absent.

e.g. Biliary atresia, a condition in newborns in which the common bile duct between the liver and the small intestine is blocked or absent.

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15
Q

what is a pregranulosa cell?

A

follicle cell

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16
Q

what happens if an oocyte (foillicle cell) fails to associate with a pregranulosa cell?

A

it will die

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17
Q

at what point do ovaries have the highest number of germ cells present?

A

roughly at 7 months in utero
-they begin to decline at birth as oogonia divide by mitosis into primary oocytes

18
Q

what type of cell is seen in primary follicles?

A

-surrounded by cuboidal granulosa cells AKA zona granulosa
-develop zona pellucida
-develop theca interna and theca externa

19
Q

what type of cells allow you to distinguish primordial cells?

A

-the single layer or squamous epithelium cells

20
Q

role of theca interna?

A

-it produces oestrogen precursors which later are converted to oestrogen by the granulosa cells

21
Q

if no implantation occurs, what does the corpus luteum become?

A

the corpus albicans

22
Q

how does the ovum move down the uterine tubes?

A

using peristalisis

23
Q

where does fertilisation occur?

A

in the ampulla

24
Q

histology of ampulla and uterine tubes?

A

-mucosa is highly folded and lined with simple columnar epithelium with ciliated and secretory cells
-this is surrounded by smooth muscle (SM)

25
Q

how to tell the difference betweern ampulla and isthmus using layers of smooth muscle?

A

2 layers smooth muscle= ampulla
3 layers smooth muscle= isthmus

26
Q

what can the endometrium be divided into?

A

-Stratum functionalis
-Stratum basalis

27
Q

role of stratum functionalis + basalis?

A

Stratum functionalis- undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss

stratum basalis- reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis

28
Q

histology of endometrium during proliferative phase?

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines glands which are relatively straight

The stroma is proliferating due to high oestrogen

29
Q

histology if endometrium during secretory/ luteal phase?

A

during the secretory phase the glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance and secrete glycogen

30
Q

histology of endometrium during the menstrual phase?

A

-arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo constriction, depriving the tissue of blood and causing iscahemia with resultant tissue breakdown

31
Q

what is the myometrium made up of?

A

3 layers of smooth muscle, combined with collagen and elastic tissue

32
Q

what is the perimetrium made out of?

A

covering of loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

33
Q

histology of cervix?

A

outer/ ectocervix= stratified (non keratinised) squamous epithelium

transition zone

inner/ endocervix= simple columnar epithelium

34
Q

what part of the cervix is where most cervical cancer occurs?

A

-the transition zone

35
Q

what are the 4 layers of the vagina?

A
  1. Non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Fibromuscular layer
  4. Adventitia
36
Q

how is the vagina lubricated?

A

There are no glands in the wall of the vagina (non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium)
-it is lubricates by mucous from the cervical glands and fluid from the thin walled blood vessels of the lamina propria

37
Q

what is the mons pubis?

A

-Skin which contains highly oblique hair follicles (produce coarse, very curly hair characteristic of pubic hair), overlaying a substantial subcutaneous fat pad which itself overlies the pubic symphis

-Fatty tissue that overlies the pubic symphysis

38
Q

what is the labia major an extension of?

A

-labia majora is an extension of the mons pubis

39
Q

what is the histology of the labia majora?

A

-rich in apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands and with small bundles of smooth muscles
-hair follicles on the outer surface not the innner

40
Q

what is the histology of the labia minora?

A

-thin skin folds that lack subcutaneous fat and hair follicles

-rich in vasculature and sebaceous glands that secrete directly onto the surface of the skin
-Keratinized epithelium extends into the opening of the vagina to the level of the hymen, where there is a transition to non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

41
Q

histology of clitoris?

A

-contains two tubes of erectile vasculature tissue (Corpora cavernosa) covered by fibrocollagenous sheath covered by skin with rich innervation and a thin epidermis

Obs and Gynae (61 decks)

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