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Obs and Gynae > clinical anatomy of the female reproductive system > Flashcards

clinical anatomy of the female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what parts of the female reproductive system are in the pelvic cavity?

A

-ovaries
-uterine tubes
-uterus
-superior part of vagina

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2
Q

what parts of the female reproductive system sit in the perineum?

A

-inferior part of the vagina
-perineal muscles
-Bartholin’s glands
-Clitoris
-Labia

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3
Q

what is dark green, light green, red, purple and blue?

A

dark green= true pelvis/ lesser pelvis
light green= false pelvis/ greater pelvis
red dotted line= pelvic inlet
purple= levator ani muscle
blue= perineum

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4
Q

what seperates the false pelvis from the true pelvis?

A

pelvic inlet

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5
Q

what is the orange, red and yellow

A

orange= clitoris
red= labia
yellow= vagina

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6
Q

what is the blue, navy, green and purple?

A

blue= levator ani
purple= rectum
navy= uterus
green= bladder

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7
Q

what is another name for pouch of douglas and why is it clinically relevant?

A

recto uterine pouch
-most inferior point of an upright female patient and so any excess fluid in peritoneal cavity (pus, blood etc) will go there

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8
Q

what pouches do females have in their pereitoneal cavity?

A

vesico uterine pouch
recto uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

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9
Q

what pouches do males have in their peritoneal cavity?

A

rectovesicle (pouch between their bladder and rectum)

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10
Q

what is the floor of the peritoneal cavity?

A

inferior part of the parietal peritoneum

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11
Q

what is the roof over pelvic organs?

A

inferior part of parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

what covers the superior aspect of organs and so forms the pouches in the female peritoneal cavity?

A

inferior part of the parietal peritoneum

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13
Q

fill in the blanks (peritoneum of a female)

A

light blue= right ovary
navy= right uterine tube
purple= vesico- uterine pouch
orange= bladder
yellow= uterus
green= rectum
red= recto uterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

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14
Q

what is the dotted line?

A

left broad ligament

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15
Q

what is the broad ligament of the uterus made out of

A

-made of a double layer of peritoneum

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16
Q

what is the role of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

it helps maintain the uterus in its correct midline position

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17
Q

where is the broad ligament found?

A

-it extends between the uterus and the lateral walls + floor of the pelvis

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18
Q

where is the proximal part of the round ligament found?

A

the broad ligament

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19
Q

what is the round ligament of the uterus made out of?

A

it is an embryological remnant

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20
Q

what is labelled blue and orange?

A

blue= right round ligament
orange= left broad ligament

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21
Q

where does the round ligament attach to the uterus?

A

it attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus

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22
Q

where is the round ligament of the uterus found?

A

-passes through the deep inguinal ring to attach to the superficial tissue of the female perineum
-attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus
-the proximal part of the round ligament is contained in the broad ligament

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23
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

-perimetrium
-myomtrium
-endometrium

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24
Q

which layer of the uterus is the perimetrium

A

outer

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25
Q

which layer of the uterus is the myometrium and what is it made of?

A

middle layer and is made of muscle (contracts + cramps during menstruation)

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26
Q

which layer of the uterus is the endometrium?

A

-the inner layer (thickens for fertalised eggs, sheds during menstruation)

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27
Q

where does impantation of a zygote occur?

A

in the body of the uterus

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28
Q

where in this uterus would implantation of a zygote occur?

A

in the body

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29
Q

name the parts of the uterus

A

orange= fallopian tubes/ uterine tubes
yellow= body
red= external cervical os (opening of cervix into vagina)
green= cervix
blue= vagina

30
Q

if implantation occurs outwith of the body of the uterus- what is it called?

A

ectopic pregnancy (usually happens in the fallopian tubes)

31
Q

what supports the uterus?

A

-number of strong ligaments (e.g. uterosacral ligaments)
-endopelvic fascia
-muscles of the pelvic floor (e.g. levator ani)

32
Q

what happens if there is weakness in the uterine ligaments, endopelvic fascia or muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

weakness of these supports can result in uterine prolapse (movement of the uterine inferiorly)

33
Q

what is green and orange?

A

orange= uretosacral ligament

green= levator ani

34
Q

what are the most common positions for a uterus to be in?

A

-anteverted and anteflexed
-anteverted (cervix tipped anteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina)
-anteflexed (uterus tipper anteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix and so the mass of the uterus lies over the bladder)

35
Q

what is the retroverted and retroflexed variation of positioning of the uterus?

A

retroverted- the cervix is tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the vagina
retroflexed- the uterus is tipped posteriorly relative to the axis of the cervix

36
Q

where does fertilisation occur?

A

in the ampulla

37
Q

what is a bilateral salpingo- oophrectomy?

A

removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries

38
Q

what is a unilateral salpinegectomy?

A

removal of one of the uterine tubes

39
Q
A

blue= isthmus (narrow part)
green= ampulla
yellow= infundibulum (funnel part)
orange= fimbriae of the infundibulum
red= left ovary

40
Q

what part of the uterus opens into the peritoneal cavity?

A

the fimbriated end of the uterine tubes

41
Q

what allows communications between the genital tract and the peritoneal cavity and why is it clinically relevant?

A

-the fimbriated end of the uterine tubes (because they open into the peritoneal cavity)
-clinically relevant because in theory infection can pass between the two areas
-radioplaque dye can even spill out of the end of uterine tube and into peritoneal cavity

42
Q

what are almond sized and shapes and located laterally in the pelvic cavity?

A

ovaries

43
Q

what do ovaries ecrete in response to FSH and LH?

A

oestrogen and progesterone

44
Q

where do ovaries develop and move to?

A

-Develop on the posterior abdominal wall and move onto the lateral wall of the pelvis

45
Q

where is the only place where the vaginas walls are not in contact?

A

superiorly where the cervix holds them apart forming a fornix (space around the cervix)

46
Q

what are the 4 parts of the fornix?

A

-anterior
-posterior
-2x lateral

47
Q

are the walls of the vagina usually open?

A

no they are usually collapsed

48
Q

what part of the vagina is sampled when doing a cervical screening?

A

the squamo columnar junction (transformation zone)

49
Q

what is the perineum?

A

-shallow space between the pelvic diaphragm and the skin

50
Q

what forms the roof of the perineum?

A

pelvic diaphragm

51
Q

what are the anatomical borders of the uregenital triangle and the anal triangle (anatomical borders of perineum)?

A

anterior- pubic symphase
posterior- tip of coccyx
laterally- inferior pubic rami and inferior ischial rami and the sacrotuberous ligament
roof- pelvic floor
base- skin and fascia

52
Q

what muscle is this?

A

levator ani muscle

53
Q

what type of muscle is the levator ani msucle?

A

voluntary skeletal muscle

54
Q

what is the role of the levator ani muscle?

A

-it provides continual support for the pelvic organ with tonic contraction and it reflexively contracts during situations of increased intra abdominal pressure

55
Q

what supplies the levator ani muscle?

A

S2-4
-‘nerve to levator ani’

56
Q

what nerves supply the perineal muscles??

A

-pudendal nerve

57
Q

what is the perineal body?

A

-bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscle attach
(the star)

58
Q

what is the perineal body important for?

A

for pelvic floor strength

59
Q

what can gland commonly develop cysts andabscess in the perineum?

A

Bartholins gland

60
Q
A

darker green= mons pubis (anterior to pubic bones)
light blue= labium majus
yellow= labium minus
light green= anus
darker blue= vaginal orifice
purple= vestibule
red= external urethral orifice
orange= clitoris

61
Q

where do the bed of breast extend from?

A

ribs 2-6
-lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line

62
Q

what muscles do breasts cover?

A

they lie in deep fascia covering pec major and serratus anterior

63
Q

what lies between the fascia and breast?

A

retromammary space

64
Q

how do female breasts attach to the skin?

A

via suspensory ligaments

65
Q

what does it mean if a breast has A FIXED LUMP?

A

means it could have gone through the retromamillary space and stuck to the underlying tissue

66
Q

where is from breasts drained into?

A

Most (>75%) of lymph from breast tissue drains to the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes > supraclavicular nodes> right lymphatic duct

Lymph from inner breast quadrants can drain into parastinal lymph nodes

Lymph from lower inner breast quadrant can drain to abdominal lymph nodes

67
Q

where does lymph from the upper lymp and most of the lymph from breast drain to?

A

axillary nodes (and then breast goes from axillary nodes to supraclavicular nodes and to the right lymphatic duct)

68
Q

what are the different levels of axillary lymph nodes?

A

Level I- level III

level I- inferior and lateral to pectorals minor
level II- deep to pectoralis minor
level III- superior and medial the pectoralis minor

69
Q

which are the level I axillary lymph nodes?

A

level I- inferior and lateral to pectorals minor

70
Q

what are the level II axillary lymph nodes?

A

level II- deep to pectoralis minor

71
Q

what are the level II axillary lymph nodes?

A

superior and medial to pectoralis minor

72
Q

what are these arteries? (supply the breast)

A

red= axillary artery
orange= subclavian artery
yellow= internal thoracic (internal mammary

Obs and Gynae (61 decks)

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