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Anatomy and Physiology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells similar in structure that perform common or related function

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2
Q

Four Basic Tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

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3
Q

Epithelial

A

a sheet of cells that covers body surfaces or cavities

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4
Q

Two Types of Epithelial

A
  • Covering and lining epithelial
  • Glandular epithelia
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5
Q

Glandular Epithelia

A

Secretory tissue in glands

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6
Q

Functions of Epithelial Tissues

A

protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception

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7
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • mainly helped by extracellular matrix
  • connects things and makes up cartilage
  • widest range of properties
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8
Q

Epithelial Tissue Charactertistics

A

Polarity
Specialized contacts
Supported by connective tissues
Avascular, but innervated
Regeneration

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9
Q

Polarity

A

having a top and bottom

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10
Q

Avascular

A

without blood supply

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11
Q

Apical side

A

top ; exposed to cavity

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12
Q

Basal side

A

inwards to body ; connects to connective tissue

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13
Q

Basal Lamina

A

connective tissue that connects to bottom of epithelial tissue

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14
Q

Reticular Lamina

A
  • under basal lamina
  • consists of collagen fibers
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15
Q

Specialized contacts

A
  • have tight junctions and desmosomes that allow formation of sheets of epithelial tissue
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16
Q

Lack of Desmosomes

A

causes blisters

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17
Q

Simple Epithelia

A

a single layer thick

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18
Q

Stratified Epithelia

A

two or more layers thick and involved in protection (example: skin)

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19
Q

Squamous

A

flattened and scale like

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20
Q

Cuboidal

A

box-like, cube

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21
Q

Columnar

A

tall, column-like

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22
Q

Naming in Stratified Epithelial Cells

A

In stratified epithelia, shape can vary in each layer, so cell is named according to the shape in apical layer

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23
Q

Simple Squamous

A

thinnest layer ; makes absorption and secretion fast

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24
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Roughly same size for length and
- Forms walls of smallest ducts of glands and many kidney tubules

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25
Simple Columnar
Single layer of tall, closely packed cells ; involved in absorption and secretion and have cilia - Found in digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands, bronchi, and uterine tubes
26
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- respiratory eptihelial - Cells vary in height and appear to be multi-layered and stratified, but tissue is in fact single-layered simple epithelium
27
Stratified Squamous
- protective - on top of skin and esophagus - not good absorption and etc.
28
Transitional Epithelium
- forms lining of hollow urinary organs - stretchy and stays waterproof
29
Gland
one or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion
30
Endocrine
internally secreting ; drops stuff straight into circulatory system which negates ducts
31
Exocrine
externally secreting
32
Connective Tissue Function
-catch all group - makes most of body - binding and support, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances (blood)
33
Extracellular Membrane
connect muscle to muscle, bone to bone, tissue to tissue
34
What does connective tissue make up?
Includes Bone, Blood, fat, and other tissues derived from the mesenchyme
35
Four Main Classes of Connective Tissue
Cartilage Bone Blood Connective Tissue Proper
36
What makes connective tissue different from other tissues?
- all arise from mesenchyme tissue as their tissue of origin -Have varying degrees of vascularity -Cells are suspended/embedded in extracellular matrix
37
What is the function of the matrix?
Matrix supports cells so they can bear weight, withstand tension, endure abuse
38
Three Main Elements of of Connective Tissue
Ground substance Fibers Cells
39
What two substances make up the extracellular matrix?
The first two elements (ground substance and fibers)
40
Types of Fibers
- Collages - Elastic - Reticular
41
Collagen Fiber
Strongest and most abundant type Tough; provides high tensile strength
42
Elastic Fiber
long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch and recoil
43
Reticular Fiber
Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers (different chemistry and form from collagen fibers) - offer more "give" - holds water
44
Proper Dense Connective
- makes up tendons and ligments
45
Proper Dense Elastic Connective Tissue
- make up aorta and veins to allow for more flexibility \
46
Proper Dense Irregular Tissue
fibers do not run in same direction, hold together bones
47
Proper Loose Adipose
fat cells - store and release fat
48
Areolar Connective Tissue
- fat cells are contained - Loose fibers allow for increased ground substance, which can act as water reservoir by holding more interstitial fluid
49
Cartilage and 2 features
- made by ground substance, chondrocytes (cartilage cells) - avascular and cannot regenerate well
50
Hyaline Cartilage
found in bones
51
Proper Cartilage Elastic
stretchier
52
Fibrocartilage
- found in between your vertebrae - contains collagen that makes it extra dense
53
Osseus Tissue
- Bone - Supports and protects body structures - type of connective tissue
54
Blood
- plasma
55
Ground substance
background material within which all other connective tissue elements are embedded. ; consist mainly of water
56
Function of Skeletal Muscle Tissue
- attached to and causes movement of bones - can be consciously controlled
57
Three types of muscle tissues
- Skeletal muscle - Cardiac muscle - Smooth muscle
58
Myofilaments
made up of actin and myosin proteins that bring about contraction
59
Muscle Fiber Features
cells that hold multiple nuclei and are striated
60
Cardiac Muscle Fibers Features
- found only in walls of heart - involuntary muscle - cells have many branches that join branches if other cardiac cells - stimulated by each other - one nuclei but visible striations
61
Intercalated discs
special joints where cardiac cells are joined with gap junctions that allow them to talk to each other
62
Smooth Muscle Tissue Features
- found in walls of hollow organs - no visible striations -involuntary - found in glands - one nucleus
63
Nervous Tissue
Main component of nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
64
Neurons
specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses
65
Glial (Neuroglial) cells
support, nourish, and protect the neurons
66

Anatomy and Physiology (25 decks)

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