Cell Membrane Transpot Flashcards
Aquaporins
Water channels
Interstitial Fluid
allows cell to transport nutrients to each other
How do nerve cells get oxygen if there is no blood?
It goes from capillaries to interstitial fluid ; uses diffusion
Active Transport
Additional energy is needed
Passive Transport
Energy is contained in the concentration gradient ; no additional energy needed
Diffusion is influenced by what 3 factors?
Concentration, molecular size, and temperature
Concentration in Diffusion
Greater concentration gradient = faster diffusion
Molecular Size in Diffusion
Smaller molecules diffuse faster
Temperature in Diffusion
High temp means high kinetic energy so things will move faster
Dynamic Equilibrium
Molecules still move back and forth but everything is equal
Facilitated Diffusion
You need proteins or channels to move stuff (passive transport)
Tonicity
the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
Hypertonic
Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water ; cells shrivel
Hypotonic
Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water ; cells lyse
Active Transport
needs additonal energy usually in the form of ATP through protein pumps
Sodium Potassium
- example of active transport
- ensure cell membrane has a charge because cells need action potential
maintains electropotential on your cells ; sodium is pumped out and potassium is pumped in ; especially common in nerve and muscle cells
What charge do cells have?
NEGATIVE
Vesicle
like a storage balloon
Vesicle Transport
bulk transport ; releases stuff all at once
Exocytosis
Transport out of the cell
Endocytosis
transport into cell and wrap in cell membrane
Phagocytosis
cell eating ; used by macrophages and other white blood cells
Pinocytosis
cell drinking ; fluid phase endocytosis ; membrane engulfs fluid and cell absorbs it
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
involves endocytosis and transcytosis of specific molecules
Vesicle
thin-walled sac filled with a fluid, usually clear and small.
Pseudopods
Membrane projections called pseudopods form and flow around solid particles that
are being engulfed, forming a vesicle which is pulled into cell
phagosome
formed vesicle
amoeboid motion
Phagocytic cells move by amoeboid motion where cytoplasm flows into
temporary extensions that allow cell to creep
Osmoregulation
the control of solute concentrations and water balance, is a necessary adaptation for life in such environments
Glycoproteins
provide blood type and cell to cell recognition
