histology 1

Question 1

what gives the tongue its rough surface

Answer 1

the papillae

Question 2

what are the four types of papillae on the tongue, describe them

Answer 2

There are vallate papillae: largest of the papillae and these have taste buds.
follate papillae: these are poorly developed in adults.
fungiform papillae: mushroom shaped and contain taste buds
and filiform papillae: conical shape, these are keratinised so they lack taste buds.

Question 3

whats the function of the papillae of the tongue

Answer 3

they add friction to the surface of the tongue - useful when chewing, and also taste function, some have taste buds.

Question 4

the glands of the submucosa are covered in what and what is this things function

Answer 4

connective tissue, this provides structure to the gland and also conducts neurovascular bundles and ducts

Question 5

any papilla that undergoes what will no longer what

Answer 5

any papilla that undergoes keratinisation will no longer contain taste buds

Question 6

what are the types of cells in the secretory acinus

Answer 6

mucus secreting cell, serous secreting cell and the myoepithelial cells/ basket cells.

Question 7

describe the serous cells of the secretory acini

Answer 7

these are pyramidal shaped cells with basal round nuclei, have abundant rER to produce the zymogen granules. the pyramidal shaped top helps the granules be released as they don’t have to go far to get into the lumen

Question 8

describe the mucus cells of the secretory glands

Answer 8

cylindrical in shape with a flattened basal nucleus. have pale mucus secretions at the apical side of the cell

Question 9

the submandibular gland has both cell types, so what happens with the cells distributions

Answer 9

the serous secreting cells form aggregates into whats called a serous demilune

Question 10

describe the myoepithelial cells

Answer 10

Seen at the acini and at the ducts. These are flattened cells that sit outside the glands and ducts, these function to move the fluid into the ducts and down through the ducts.

Question 11

describe the ductal cells

Answer 11

these cells have basal nuclei, they appear dark to staining due to the abundance of mitochondria that allows them to alter the secretions.

Question 12

whats the muscularis mucosae

Answer 12

this is the layer of smooth muscle in the mucosa that functions help cause the secretions of the mucosa of the mucosal glands

Question 13

whats special about the submucosa of the oesophagus

Answer 13

it has submucosal glands, nowhere else in the GI tract has that except for the duodenum

Question 14

whats the breakdown of the muscle in the oesophagus

Answer 14

the first third is skeletal muscle, the middle is a mix, the last third is all smooth muscle
so that the first part of swallowing can be voluntarily controlled.
muscularis propria