better anatomy 4 Flashcards
what are the parts of the large intestine
cecum is the start, descending colon -retroperitoneal, transverse colon (intraperitoneal), descending colon (retro), sigmoid (intra), rectum
where do we find the vermiform appendix
on the end of the cecum - acts as storage for the microbiome
what are the three gross features of the large intestine
teniae coli - the three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle
haustra - pouches of the colon
omental appendices - pouches of fat on the large intestine
what are the features of the rectum
got the rectal folds, superior middle and inferior for helping to store the faeces
what types of muscle are the anal sphincters
internal is smooth muscle under involuntary control
external is skeletal muscle being under voluntary control - these are what we relax when we sit down to shit
whats the only places in the GI tract with the squamous epithelial mucosa
the anus and the mouth and oesophagus
what is the surface of the liver that touches the diaphragm called
the bare area
what are the areas on the inferior surface of the liver that are in contact with other organs
renal area, colic area and gastric area
what are the ligaments of the liver made out of
these are fold of the peritoneum over the liver
what ligament divides the liver into two anatomical lobes and what other thing does this structure contain
this is the falciform ligament. and within this is the ligamentum teres
what is the ligamentum teres
it is a remnant of the umbilical vein which supplied the foetus during development
what are our ligaments of the liver than attach it to the diaphragm
the anterior and posterior coronary ligaments
and the left and right triangular ligaments
what makes the triangular ligaments
the unions of the anterior and posterior coronary ligaments to themselves
what are our 4 anatomical lobes of the liver
left, right, caudate and quadrate
along the superior aspect what are our liver lobes
2, 4, 8, 7
on the inferior aspect what are the lobes of the liver
3,4,5,6
what are our 3 liver recesses and where are they
subphrenic: between the diaphragm and the liver
subhepatic: between the liver and the transverse colon
hepatorenal: between the liver and the right kidney
whats the contents of the porta hepatis - or hepatic portal triad and whats their arrangement
so youve got the bile duct to the right, common hepatic artery to the left, the portal vein posteriorly
these are found at the free edge of the lesser omentum
what are the parts of the pancreas
uncinate process, the head, the body, the neck and the tail
what does the main pancreatic duct join to form what
the major pancreatic duct joins the bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. this empties to the descending duodenum via the major duodenal papilla
what controls the secretions from the hepatopancreatic ampulla
the sphincter of oddi
what are the parts to the gall bladder
fundus, body and the neck
describe the extra hepatic biliary system
bile from the liver canaliculi drains into the left and right hepatic ducts.
these combine into the common hepatic duct.
this then joins the cystic duct from the gall bladder to become the common bile duct
the uncinate process of the liver sits behind where
behind the superior mesenteric vein
