better anatomy 2 Flashcards
what tonsils are in the nasopharynx
the nasopharynx opens via the choanae and it contains the pharyngeal tonsils on the roof - aka the adenoids
also has the tubal tonsils situated at the opening of the auditory tubes
whats the opening of the oropharynx and what tonsils does it contain
opens via the oropharyngeal isthmus.
has the palatine tonsils between the palatoglossal and the palatopharyngeal arch
also has the lingual tonsils at the base of the tongue posterioly
what structures, or like folds even does the laryngopharynx contain
the valleculae - the recess anterior to the epiglottis
the piriform fossa - the recess around the laryngeal inlet - these are the channels allowing food passage around the larynx
what are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and their attachment
superior constrictors: sits outside of the pharyngeal fascia, inside of the middle constrictor muscle and attaches to the buccinator muscle anteriorly then the pharyngeal raphe posteriorly.
middle constrictors: sitting outside of the superior constrictor inside of the inferior constrictor and attaches to the hyoid muscle.
inferior constrictors: sits outside of the inferior constrictor, attaches anteriorly to the thyroid and the cricoid cartilages.
what do the constrictor muscles and the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles doing
constrictors are the outer circular layers for peristalsis
the longitudinal layers are the inner layers for elevating the pharynx
attachment of the longitudinal muscles
salpingopharyngeus attach from auditory tubes to the pharynx
palatopharyngeus soft palate to the pharynx
stylopharyngeus is the pharnx to the styloid process
what are the two sphincters of the oesophagus
upper (cricopharyngeus) prevents air entry
lower prevents stomach reflux
what are the 4 constrictions of the oesophagus
cervical constriction at the cricoid cartilage
thoracic constriction made up of the aortic arch and the left primary bronchus
diaphragmatic which pierces the diaphragm at the right crus
what are the 9 abdominal regions
right hypocondriac, epigastric, left hypocondriac
right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
what does the prefix salpingo mean
attaching to the auditory tube
whats the clinical use of the valleculae
this is where we put the hook to open the pharynx during a laryngoscopy
whats stage one of swallowing
food is gathered on the dorsum of the tongue and the tongue moves upwards towards the hard palate
whats stage two of swallowing
the sof palate is tensioned and elevated, the larynx is elevated.
the pharyngeal constrictors act at this stage, constricting the pharynx to make it so that food travels quickly in the space, and the upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes and then contracts behind the food
whats the third stage of swallowing
the peristaltic action occurs in the oesophagus. the lower oesophageal sphincter relaxes and then contracts as food passes through and into the stomach.
