Histo (04.17) Respiratory System Flashcards
the respiratory system consists of paired ___ and a series of ____ to and form them
- lungs
- passageways
what are the three principle functions of the respiratory system
- air conduction
- air filtration
- gas exchange
what re the the two other functions of the respiratory system
- speech (phonation)
- olfactory sensation
air passing through the larynx and is used for speech
speech (phonation)
air passing over the olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavities carries stimuli for sense of smell
olfactory sensation
what two things compose the functional division of the respiratory system
- conducting division
- respiratory division
what all composes the conducting division of the respiratory system
- nose
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
what all composes the respiratory division of the respiratory system
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveolar sacs
- alveoli
has lots of branching to terminal bronchioles
conducting division
where gas exchange takes place, respiratory bronchioles to alveolar ducts to alveolar sacs to alveoli
respiratory division
first part of the respiratory division
respiratory bronchioles
pulmonary blood vessels (coming from the right side of the heart) enter the lung with the ____ and branch as the follow the ___ ___
- bronchi
- bronchiole tree
the pulmonary blood vessels end up with the __ ___ in contact with the ____ (primary site of gas exchange)
- pulmonary capillaries
- alveoli
the air is conditioned as it passes through the ___ ___ of air passages
conducting portion
conditioning the air means doing what three things
- warming
- moistening
- removal of particulate materials
____ and ____ ____ play significant role in conditioning, as these secretions moisten the air, trap particles, and prevents the dehydration of the epithelium
- mucus
- serous secretions
the mucous comes from what two places?
- globet cells
- mucous secreting glands
____ from respiratory epithelium sweep the mucous with the trapped particulate matter toward the ___ to be swallowed typically
- cilia
- pharynx
____ from respiratory epithelium sweep the mucous with the trapped particulate matter toward the ___ to be swallowed typically
- cilia
- pharynx
type of mucosa that is ciliated pseudo stratified columnar epithelium which can contain a number of different types of cells which all rest on the thick basement membrane
respiratory epithelium
three types of respiratory epithelium that rest on the thick basement membrane
- ciliated columnar cells
- goblet cells
- basal cells
tall columnar cells with cilia that project into the overlying mucous
ciliarted columnar cells
stem cells from which all other cell types arise
basal cells
loose connective tissue, contains blood vessels which warms air, can contain mucous glands many with serous demilunes, these glands supplement the goblet cell secretions
lamina propria
connective tissue slightly denser than the connective tissue of the lamina propria, contains blood vessels that may contain many glands
submucosa
composed of connective tissue that binds component to adjacent structures
advetitia
another term for nostrils
external nares
another term for internal nares
choanae
the pharynx connects what to what?
-nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus
the pharynx is a passageway for ___ and ___
- food (stratified squamous epithelium)
- air (respiratory epithelium)
what type of epithelium composes the nasopharynx?
ciliated pseudo stratified columnar
what type of epithelium composes the oropharynx
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
what type of epithelium composes the laryngopharynx
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
serves as the organ for speech
larynx
although most of the larynx is covered with ____ epithelium, the luminal surface of the vocal cords are covered with _____ epithelium
- respiratory
- nonkeratinized strat squamous
parts of the larynx that are made out of hyaline catilage
- thyroid
- cricoid
parts of the larynx made out of elastic cartilage
- epiglottis
- cuneiform
- corniculate
males have ___ and ____ vocal cords which create lower pitch as will vibrate more slowly
- longer
- thicker
what parts of the trachea separate the submucosa from the adventitia
- tracheal cartilages
- trachealis m
the ____ main bronchus is much shorter, wider, and more vertical than the other so objects are more likely to get ____
- right
- aspirated
the ____ main bronchus is much shorter, wider, and more vertical than the other so objects are more likely to get ____
- right
- aspirated
the bronchi initially have the same ___ structure as the trachea, but as the bronchi branch and become smaller there is more ____ m
- wall
- smooth
alveolar surface epithelial cells that line 95% of the alveolar surface
type 1
alveolar surface discharge called surfactant. cover 5%
type 2
known as “dust” cells that can be found in the connective tissue of septum and in the air space of alveoli; phagocytize inhaled particulate matter and RBCs
alveolar macrophages
compose the wall of capillary cells
endothelial cells
what three things compose the blood-air barrier?
- surface lining and cytoplasm of alveolar cells
- fused basal membrane laminae
- cytoplasm of endothelial cells
