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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) > Embryo (04.15) Development of Respiratory System > Flashcards

Embryo (04.15) Development of Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

the laryngotracheal groove and lung development occur during what week

A

4

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2
Q

the laryngotracheal groove appears in the FLOOR of the ____ ____

A

caudal pharnyx

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3
Q

the laryngotracheal groove protrudes ventrally forming an endodermal outgrowth from the foregut known as the ___ ___

A

lung bud (respiratory diverticulum)(laryngotracheal diverticulum)

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4
Q

the tracheoesophageal septum develops and separates the ____ ___ (ventrally) from the ____ (dorsally)

A
  • lung bud

- foregut

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5
Q

the respiratory diverticulum retains a connection with the pharynx at the ___ ___ ___

A

primordial laryngeal inlet

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6
Q

esophageal atresia is caused by what

A

POSTERIORLY deviating septum

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7
Q

abnormal connection of the esophagus joining on the inferior side of the trachea (septum does not fully form)

A

tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

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8
Q

too much amniotic fluid present

A

polyhydramnios

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9
Q

concerning lung bud derivatives, the endoderm gives rise to what two things?

A
  • epithelial lining

- glands of airways

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10
Q

concerning the lung bud derivatives, the splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to what two things?

A
  • smooth m

- CT of airways

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11
Q

concerning the lung bud derivatives, the splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to what two things?

A
  • smooth m

- CT of airways

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12
Q

the esophagus develops as the portion of the ____ immediately caudal to the _____

A
  • foregut

- pharynx

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13
Q

LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES and MUSCULATURE arise from pharyngeal arch pairs ____ and ___

A
  • 4

- 6

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14
Q

the EPIGLOTTIS forms from _____ of the caudal ______ eminence

A
  • mesenchyme

- hypopharyngeal

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15
Q

laryngeal mm arising from the 4th arch are innervated by what?

A

superior laryngeal n

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16
Q

laryngeal mm arising form the 6th arch are innervated by what?

A

recurrent laryngeal n

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17
Q

the lung bud divides to form two ____ ____ ___ (future primary bronchi)

A

primary bronchial buds

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18
Q

what day does the lung bud divide?

A

28

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19
Q

the primary bronchial buds extend into ____ ____

A

pericardioperitoneal canals

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20
Q

hfcyiygjjuyutgvu7vtgyrdse

A

nate is a faggot

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21
Q

hfcyiygjjuyutgvu7vtgyrdse

A

nate is a faggot

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22
Q

_____ ____ gives rise to visceral pleura of the lungs

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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23
Q

___ ____ lining thoracic body wall gives rise to the parietal pleura

A

somatic mesoderm

24
Q

___ ___ becomes the pleural cavity

A

pericardioperitoneal canal

25
Q

___ ___ becomes the pleural cavity

A

pericardioperitoneal canal

26
Q

primary bonchial buds divide to form ____ ___ ___

A

secondary (lobar) bronchial buds

27
Q

each secondary bud will supply ___ ___ of the lung

A

one lobe

28
Q

concerning secondary buds, there are ___ on the right and ___ on the left

A
  • 3

- 2

29
Q

on what day do the primary buds divide into secondary

A

30

30
Q

secondary bronchial buds divide to form ____ ___ ___

A

tertiary (segmental) bronchial buds

31
Q

what composes a bronchopulmonary segemnt

A
  • tertiary bronchus

- surrounding tissue

32
Q

concerning tertiary buds, there are ___ on the right and ____ on the left

A
  • 10

- 8-9

33
Q

what is the pathway of airflow?

A
  • trachea
  • primary bronchi
  • secondary (lobar)
  • tertiary (segmental)
  • bronchioles
  • terminal bronchioles
  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • terminal sacs
  • alveoli
34
Q

what is the main site of gas exchange

A

alveoli

35
Q

what are the four stages of lung development

A
  • pseudoglandular (6-16 weeks)
  • canalicular (16-26 weeks)
  • terminal sac (26 weeks - birth)
  • alveolar (32weeks- 8 years)
36
Q

pseudo glandular stage is where all major lung structures have developed except for the most distal portions of the ____ ___ where ___ ___ occurs

A
  • respiratory tree

- gas exchange

37
Q

will a fetus that is born during the psedoglandular stage survive?

A

no

38
Q

will a fetus that is born during the psedoglandular stage survive?

A

no

39
Q

during the terminal sac stage, terminal sacs develop and are hugged by _____, establishing the ___-___ ____

A
  • capillaries

- blood-air barrier

40
Q

at the END of the canalicular stage, what is possible

A

respiration

41
Q

during the canalicular stage, each terminal bronchiole has split into 2(+) ___ ____, which have developed primitive ___ ____. some of these ducts already lead into ___ ___

A
  • respiratory bronchioles
  • alveolar ducts
  • terminal sacs
42
Q

can a fetus survive if it is born in the canalicular stage?

A

yes if it is at the end (although many will still die)

43
Q

can a fetus survive if it is born in the canalicular stage?

A

yes if it is at the end (although many will still die)

44
Q

slide

A

20

45
Q

at what wee do terminal sac walls = a single layer of simple squamous cells?

A

26

46
Q

most of the terminal sac simple squamous cells are ____ ____ ____ ____ through which gases diffuse

A

type I alveolar cells

47
Q

scattered amongst the type I cells are a few rounded TYPE II ALVEOLAR CELLS that produce, store, and secrete ____ ___

A

pulmonary surfactant

48
Q

lines inner wall of alveolus, reduces surface tensions at the air-alveolar interface, and prevents alveolar collapse upon exhaling

A

pulmonary surfactant

49
Q

type II cells begin to produce surfactant at ___-___ weeks but the amount of surfactant is insufficient for survival of premature infants until about weeks ___-___

A
  • 20-22

- 26-28

50
Q

premature babies of 24-26 weeks may survive, but could suffer from ___ ___ ___ do to insufficient surfactant

A

respiratory distress syndrome

51
Q

when is there fluid filled alveoli and the pulmonary surfactant stored in type II alveolar cells

A

before birth

52
Q

when does the secreted surfactant form layers on top of the remaining fluid

A

first inhale

53
Q

when is the first time that the surfactant prevents alveolar collapse

A

first exhale

54
Q

at what stage are the alveoli fully funcitonal

A

alveolar stage (32 weeks- 8 years)

55
Q

95% of mature alveoli develop _____ and will continue to develop until ___ years of age

A
  • postnatally (most form within first 3 years)

- 8

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) (15 decks)

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