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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) > Gross (04.20) Thorax, Lungs & Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

Gross (04.20) Thorax, Lungs & Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

the thorax mainly acts as a ____

A

conduit for vessels

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2
Q

anterior landmark for distinction of inferior and superior mediastinum

A

sternal angle (2nd rib)

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3
Q

the aortic arch is ____ to sternal angle

A

superior

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4
Q

what are the three cavities of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • 2 pleural cavities

- media stinum

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5
Q

the manubrium has a clavicular notch for what joint?

A

sternoclavivular joint

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6
Q

the body of the sternum joins the ___ at the sternal angle

A

manubrium

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7
Q

lowest point of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

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8
Q

the head of each ribs articulate with 2 _____ ____ and 1 ____ and is found posteriorly

A
  • vertebral bodies

- disc (intervertebral)

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9
Q

the tubercle of ribs articulate with 1 ____ process

A

transverse

*is used for stabilization

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10
Q

the part of the body of ribs with the greatest curvature

A

angle

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11
Q

formed on ribs by intercostal v, a, and n

*important to keep in order (think VANS)

A

costal groove

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12
Q

the pectoral regions are composed of what two things?

A
  • secretory glands

- superficial fascia

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13
Q

the internal thoracic a goes from ___ to ____ intercostal spaces

A

2-4

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14
Q

lymphatics of the pectoral region drain what two nodes?

A
  • parasternal

- axillary

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15
Q

what intercostal nerves from the pectoral region carry cutaneous (GS) innervation

A

-lateral and anterior of 4-6th intercostal nn

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16
Q

what intercostal nerves from the pectoral region carry cutaneous (GS) innervation

A

-lateral and anterior of 4-6th intercostal nn

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17
Q

pectoral region is a region of mm attachment between ____ ___ and ___ ___

A
  • upper limb

- anterior chest

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18
Q

m of pectoral region that is divided into clavicular and sternocostal heads

A

pectoralis major

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19
Q

the pec minor m is enveloped in ____ ____

A

clavipectoral fascia

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20
Q

____ intercostal mm have fibers that go like hands into pockets

A

external

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21
Q

____ intercostal mm have fibers that are perpendicular to hands going into pockets

A

internal

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22
Q

the _____ intercostal mm are the deepest of the three

A

innermost

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23
Q

____ m are located deep and span two or more intercostal spaces

A

subcostal

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24
Q

m that looks like a fan and is attached to body and xiphoid process of sternum

A

transversus thoracis

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25
Q

what two mm are responsible for inspiration? raising the ribs

A
  • serratus posterior superior

- external intercostal

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26
Q

what mm are depressors of the ribs?

A
  • internal intercostal
  • innermost intercostal
  • serratus posterior inferior
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27
Q

the VAN is in the intercostal groove between what 2 mm?

A
  • internal intercostal

- innermost intercostal

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28
Q

____ nerve, artery, and vein are located just ABOVE each rib

A

collateral

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29
Q

____ nerve, artery, and vein are located just ABOVE each rib

A

collateral

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30
Q

at the ___ of the rib there is _____ between the intercostal VAN and collateral VAN

A
  • angle

- anastomoses

31
Q

____ pleura is very sensitive to pain

A

parietal (via intercostal and phrenic nerves)

32
Q

what are the true ribs?

A

1-7

33
Q

what are the false ribs?

A

8-12

34
Q

what are the floating ribs

A

11 and 12

35
Q

both layers of pleura (visceral and parietal) are continuous with one another where?

A

root of the lung (closer to mediastinum)

36
Q

pathological fluid that may fill the pleural cavity

A

effusion

37
Q

pleural effusions are visible on ___ ___

A

chest films (can obscure lung in film)

38
Q

the pleural cavities are ___ cavities

A

potential

39
Q

the pleural cavities are ___ cavities

A

potential

40
Q

accumulation of AIR in pleural cavity that collapses the lung due to its OWN ELASTICITY

A

Pneumothorax

41
Q

accumulation of BLOOD in pleural cavity that may cause adhesions and INFECTIONS

A

hemothorax

42
Q

inflammation of the pleura usually leads to formation of ___ ___ and can produce exquisite ___ relative to PARIETAL pleura

A
  • pleural adhesions

- pain

43
Q

aspiration of fluids on by invading the midaxillary line in between ribs SIX or SEVEN

A

thoracentesis (pleural tap)

44
Q

during a thoracentesis, if a needle is inserted in ICS 8 or 9 what may happen?

A

it could pierce spleen, diaphragm, or liver

45
Q

the ____ lung has 3 lobes

A

right (upper, middle, lower)

46
Q

the ___ lung has 2 lobes

A

left

47
Q

fissures on both lungs

A

oblique (major) fissure

48
Q

the horizontal fissure (minor) is on the ___ lung only

A

right (makes sense bc it has another lobe)

49
Q

the horizontal fissure (minor) is on the ___ lung only

A

right (makes sense bc it has another lobe)

50
Q

connects lung to mediastimun

A

root of the lungs

51
Q

the root of the lungs consist of what two things?

A
  • bronchi

- pulmonary vessels

52
Q

the inferior sleeve of the root of the lungs is mostly ___ and collapsed, contains only a few lymph vessels which is termed the ____ ___

A
  • empty

- pulmonary ligament

53
Q

the trachea splits into two ____ ____

A

primary (main) bronchi

54
Q

the primary bronchi split into 2 (left) or 3 (right) ____ ____

A

secondary (lobar) bronchi

55
Q

the secondary bronchi split into 8-10 ___ ____

A

tertiary (segmental) bronchi

56
Q

the sympathetic trunks are ______ and contribute to anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses. it is responsible for ___ the bronchioles

A
  • paravertebral

- dilation

57
Q

the vagus n passes ___ to the root of the lungs. it contributes to the anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses. it is responsible for ___ the bronchioles

A
  • posteriorly

- constriction

58
Q

n that passes anteriorly to root of the lungs and is closely applied to pericardial sac

A

phrenic nn

59
Q

run w the phrenic nn and are branches of the internal thoracic aa and brachiocephalic vv

A

pericardicophrenic vessels

60
Q

aa that supplies nutrients to bronchi and lungs

A

bronchial aa

61
Q

aa that supplies nutrients to bronchi and lungs

A

bronchial aa

62
Q

lymph drains from lungs via ____ nodes and R/L _____ trunks

A
  • tracheobronchial

- bronchomediastinal trunks

63
Q

broad central partition separating 2 pleural cavities

A

mediastinum

64
Q

4 smaller regions of the mediastinum

A
  • superior
  • inferior anterior
  • inferior middle
  • inferior posterior
65
Q

the mediastinum extends from the ___ ___ to the ____

A
  • thoracic inlet

- diaphragm

66
Q

the fibrous portion of the fibrous sac is attached to ____ inferiorly

A

diaphragm

*this is the outter part that is very strong (fibrous and protective)

67
Q

the serous portion of the fibrous sac is divided into ___ and ____ layers

A
  • parietal

- visceral (is our epicardium)

68
Q

the pericardium encloses the heart and is pierced by the roots of what 8 vessels?

A
  • SVC
  • IVC
  • aorta
  • pulmon trunk
  • 4 pulmon veins
69
Q

the pericardium encloses the heart and is pierced by the roots of what 8 vessels?

A
  • SVC
  • IVC
  • aorta
  • pulmon trunk
  • 4 pulmon veins
70
Q

located inside the pericardial sac that is a potential space btw serous and parietal layers and contains only a small amount of serous fluid

A

pericardial cavity

71
Q

accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial cavity

A

pericardial effusion

72
Q

results in the compression of the heart and is common in conjunction with congestive heart failure

A

pericardial effusion

73
Q

arteriole bleeding into pericardial cavity leads to ___ ___ which is compression of the heart and roots of great vessles

A

-cardiac tamponade

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) (15 decks)

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