Gross (04.22) Heart Flashcards
where is the apex of the heart located
fifth intercostal space
what are the layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep/
- epicardium (two layers)
- myocardium
- endocardium
the ligamentum arteriosum connects what two things?
- left pulmonary a
- arch of aorta
the ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of fetal ___ ___
ductus arteriosus (shunted blood from R ventricle to aorta)
right atrioventricular valve is a ____ valve
TRIcuspid
the left atrioventricular valve is a ____ valve
BI cuspid
when the ventricles are contracting, what prevents the valve flaps form everting blood back into the atria?
- papillary mm
- chordae tendineae
once the blood is pushed out of the ventricles, what keeps the blood from passing back into the ventricles?
pressure of blood on semilunar valve
once the blood is pushed out of the ventricles, what keeps the blood from passing back into the ventricles?
pressure of blood on semilunar valve
what are the two types of valve problems?
- incompetence
- stenosis
___ ___ routes ensure blood supply to the heart even if major vessels are occluded
collateral routes
coronary sinus opens into ___ __
right atrium
what are the three tributaries of the coronary sinus
- great cardiac v
- middle cardiac v
- small cardiac v
disease when blood leaks back into atriums
mitral valve disease
disease when blood leaks back into left ventricle
aortic valve disease
funnel to pulmonary trunk from right ventricle
conus arteriosus
brings fibers of the conducting system to anterior papillary m
moderator band
brings fibers of the conducting system to anterior papillary m
moderator band
are veins or arteries more superficial when dealing with the heart?
veins
the great cardiac vein travels with ____ a in anterior IV sulcus
anterior IV a
how does the great cardiac vein drain?
empties into coronary sinus posteriorly
the anterior cardiac vv pass SUPERFICIAL to _____
right coronary a
how do the right coronary aa drain?
empty directly into R atrium (DO NOT GO TO SINUS)
what are the three branches of the RIGHT coronary a
- right marginal branch
- posterior IV (descending) a [termination]
- anterior right atrial branch
what branch of the right coronary a gives off the sinuatrial node branches?
anterior right atrial branch
the LEFT coronary a immediately divides into what?
- anterior interventricular a
- circumflex a
what is the branch given off by circumflex a?
L marginal branch
usually, which coronary a is dominant (gives off POSTERIOR IV A)
right
occlusion of major coronary a, usually due to atherosclerosis, leading to inadequate oxygenation of an area of myocardium and cell death
coronary artery disease
occurs when perfusion to the myocardium is insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of the tissue
heart attack (myocardial infarction)
what are the symptoms of a heart attack?
- classic heaviness/pressure
- pain radiating to arm (generally left)
what are the symptoms of a heart attack?
- classic heaviness/pressure
- pain radiating to arm (generally left)
v commonly used for bypass grafts that is harvested from the anterior/medial region of the thigh or leg
great saphenous vein
*can also use internal thoracic a or radial a
the heart has the ability to maintain conduction system without _____
CNS innervation
what nervous system affects the rate of a heart beat?
ANS
what type of innervation inc heart rate
symp from T1-T5
what type of innervation dec heart rate
para-symp from vagus n
pacemaker of the hear that initiates and regulates impulses
sinuatrial node
damage to the conduction system results in what?
cardiac arrhythmias
damage to AV node will cause what?
heart block
-uncoordinated contraction
what may be inserted to control contractions?
pacemaker
