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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) > Gross (04.22) Heart > Flashcards

Gross (04.22) Heart Flashcards

1
Q

where is the apex of the heart located

A

fifth intercostal space

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2
Q

what are the layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep/

A
  • epicardium (two layers)
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
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3
Q

the ligamentum arteriosum connects what two things?

A
  • left pulmonary a

- arch of aorta

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4
Q

the ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of fetal ___ ___

A

ductus arteriosus (shunted blood from R ventricle to aorta)

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5
Q

right atrioventricular valve is a ____ valve

A

TRIcuspid

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6
Q

the left atrioventricular valve is a ____ valve

A

BI cuspid

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7
Q

when the ventricles are contracting, what prevents the valve flaps form everting blood back into the atria?

A
  • papillary mm

- chordae tendineae

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8
Q

once the blood is pushed out of the ventricles, what keeps the blood from passing back into the ventricles?

A

pressure of blood on semilunar valve

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9
Q

once the blood is pushed out of the ventricles, what keeps the blood from passing back into the ventricles?

A

pressure of blood on semilunar valve

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10
Q

what are the two types of valve problems?

A
  • incompetence

- stenosis

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11
Q

___ ___ routes ensure blood supply to the heart even if major vessels are occluded

A

collateral routes

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12
Q

coronary sinus opens into ___ __

A

right atrium

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13
Q

what are the three tributaries of the coronary sinus

A
  • great cardiac v
  • middle cardiac v
  • small cardiac v
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14
Q

disease when blood leaks back into atriums

A

mitral valve disease

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15
Q

disease when blood leaks back into left ventricle

A

aortic valve disease

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16
Q

funnel to pulmonary trunk from right ventricle

A

conus arteriosus

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17
Q

brings fibers of the conducting system to anterior papillary m

A

moderator band

18
Q

brings fibers of the conducting system to anterior papillary m

A

moderator band

19
Q

are veins or arteries more superficial when dealing with the heart?

A

veins

20
Q

the great cardiac vein travels with ____ a in anterior IV sulcus

A

anterior IV a

21
Q

how does the great cardiac vein drain?

A

empties into coronary sinus posteriorly

22
Q

the anterior cardiac vv pass SUPERFICIAL to _____

A

right coronary a

23
Q

how do the right coronary aa drain?

A

empty directly into R atrium (DO NOT GO TO SINUS)

24
Q

what are the three branches of the RIGHT coronary a

A
  • right marginal branch
  • posterior IV (descending) a [termination]
  • anterior right atrial branch
25
Q

what branch of the right coronary a gives off the sinuatrial node branches?

A

anterior right atrial branch

26
Q

the LEFT coronary a immediately divides into what?

A
  • anterior interventricular a

- circumflex a

27
Q

what is the branch given off by circumflex a?

A

L marginal branch

28
Q

usually, which coronary a is dominant (gives off POSTERIOR IV A)

A

right

29
Q

occlusion of major coronary a, usually due to atherosclerosis, leading to inadequate oxygenation of an area of myocardium and cell death

A

coronary artery disease

30
Q

occurs when perfusion to the myocardium is insufficient to meet the metabolic needs of the tissue

A

heart attack (myocardial infarction)

31
Q

what are the symptoms of a heart attack?

A
  • classic heaviness/pressure

- pain radiating to arm (generally left)

32
Q

what are the symptoms of a heart attack?

A
  • classic heaviness/pressure

- pain radiating to arm (generally left)

33
Q

v commonly used for bypass grafts that is harvested from the anterior/medial region of the thigh or leg

A

great saphenous vein

*can also use internal thoracic a or radial a

34
Q

the heart has the ability to maintain conduction system without _____

A

CNS innervation

35
Q

what nervous system affects the rate of a heart beat?

A

ANS

36
Q

what type of innervation inc heart rate

A

symp from T1-T5

37
Q

what type of innervation dec heart rate

A

para-symp from vagus n

38
Q

pacemaker of the hear that initiates and regulates impulses

A

sinuatrial node

39
Q

damage to the conduction system results in what?

A

cardiac arrhythmias

40
Q

damage to AV node will cause what?

A

heart block

-uncoordinated contraction

41
Q

what may be inserted to control contractions?

A

pacemaker

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) (15 decks)

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