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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) > Embryo (04.06) Heart Development > Flashcards

Embryo (04.06) Heart Development Flashcards

1
Q

between what days does the heart tube formation take place?

A

18-22

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2
Q

the heart development begins within the ___ ___-

A

cardiogenic mesoderm

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3
Q

angioblasts form cell clusters, small cavities begin to form in the islands lined with endothelial cells creating channels that fuse to form vessels

A

vasculogenesis

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4
Q

what is the first sign of heart formation

A

a solid horseshoe-shaped endothelial cord forms within the cardiogenic mesoderm

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5
Q

at what week does the endothelial cord canalize?

A

4th week

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6
Q

___ ___ ___ created primordial heart tube

A

lateral body forming

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7
Q

the ____ sides of the horse-shoe-shaped endothelial tube fold in ventrally and medially, approaching each other at midline to fuse, forming a single ___ ___ ___

A
  • lateral

- primordial heart tube

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8
Q

the septum transvedsum (diaphragm) moves from being ____ to the developing heart to being ____ to it

A
  • anterior

- posterior

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9
Q

the umbilical veins are _____

A

deoxygenated

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10
Q

the oxygen to the fetus starts with the ___ ___

A

umbilical vein

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11
Q

the umbilical arteries carry what?

A

100% deoxygenated blood

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12
Q

the transverse pericardial sinus is formed when the ____ _____ degenerates

A

dorsal mesocardium

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13
Q

what primitive chamber(s) form the right ventricle

A

caudal portion of bulbus cordis

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14
Q

what primitive chamber(s) form the left venticle

A

primordial ventricle

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15
Q

what primitive chamber(s) form the right and left auricles and the portions of the atria?

A

primordial atrium

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16
Q

subdivisions of atriums

A

auricles

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17
Q

what primitive chamber(s) form the coronary sinus and sinus venarum

A

sinus venosus

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18
Q

between what days is the cardiac loop formation?

A

22-28

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19
Q

as the heart folds, its cranial end will shift ____ and ____ and to the ____

A
  • ventrally
  • caudally
  • right
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20
Q

as the heart folds, its caudal end will shift _____ and ____

A
  • dorsally

- superiorly

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21
Q

what becomes the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta (outflow of heart)

A

truncus arteriosus

22
Q

what is the circulation through the primordial heart?

A
  • sinus venosus
  • primordial atrium
  • atrioventricular (AV) canal
  • left ventricle (primordial ventricle)
  • interventricular (IV) foramen
  • right ventricle
  • conus cordis
  • truncus arteriosus
  • aortic sac
  • pharyngeal aa
  • dorsal aortae
23
Q

between what weeks is the partitioning of the heart?

A

4th through 7th

24
Q

endothelial cells near the AV junction REVERT to _____ ____, invade the underlying cardiac jelly, and ____. this causes the endocardium to bulge out into the ____ ___ forms its dorsal and ventral walls

A
  • mesenchymal state
  • proliferate
  • AV canal
25
Q

dorsal and ventral ___ ___ develop and fuse, forming an ____ ___ that divides the AV canal into right and left AV canals

A
  • endocardial cushions

- atrioventricular septum

26
Q

two septa fuse together to form the ___ ___

A

interatrial septum

27
Q

which septum develops first?

A

septum prium (then septum secundum)

28
Q

septum secundum develops second and develops in the _____ wall/septum

A

primary

29
Q

the septum primum develops form the roof of the ____ ___ as a thin, moon-shaped membrane

A

primordial atrium

30
Q

septum primum grows inferiorly to fuse with the ____ ____. the opening between the inferior edge of the septum and the cushions is the ___ ___

A
  • endocardial cushions

- foramen primum

31
Q

septum primum fuses with endocardial cushions and ___ ___ gradually closes off. as this happens, holes are forming in the _____ ___ through ____. these holes will unite to form the ___ ____

A
  • foramen primum
  • septum primum
  • apoptosis
  • foramen secundum
32
Q

as holes in the septum primum coalesce to form the foramen secumdum, a thicker ____ ___ develops from the roof of the primordial ____, slightly to the right of septum primum

A
  • septum secundum

- atrium

33
Q

septum secundum grows inferiorly and develops an opening called the ____ ____

A

foramen ovale

34
Q

in the primordial heart, entering blood passes from R to L atrium through ____ ___ and ___ ___

A
  • foramen ovale

- foramen secum

35
Q

what is closed directly after birth

A

septum primum (shunt is closed after first inspiration)

36
Q

what is the remnant of the foramen ovale called after birth (closes off)

A

fossa ovalis

37
Q

the MUSCULAR portion of the inter ventricular septum grows ____ toward the atrioventricular septum and ____ fuse with it

A
  • cranially

- doesnt

38
Q

the MEMBRANOUS portion of the inter ventricular septum is derived from the ____ of the ___ ___ tissue

A
  • mesenchyme

- endocardial cushion tissue

39
Q

what is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

ventricular septal defect

40
Q

failure of the IV septum to completely form

most spontaneously close in the first year

A

ventricular septal defect

41
Q

ventricular septal defect can involve both membranous or muscular portions but in most cases the ___ portion is the one that fails to form

A

membranous

42
Q

when the aorticopulmonary divides outflow tract unequally, resulting in stenosis of pulmonary trunk and an overriding aorta

A

tetralogy of fallot

43
Q

between what weeks does the sinus venosus development occur?

A

7-8

44
Q

what are the three paired veins of the sinus venosus

A
  • vitelline
  • umbilical
  • common cardinal
45
Q

originally, the sinus venosus opens directly into the ___ ___ wall of the ___ ___

A
  • central dorsal

- primordial atrium

46
Q

opening of the sinus venosus into primordial atrium shifts to the ____

A

right (future R atrium)

47
Q

tetralogy of fallout can cause what 4 things?

A
  • interventricular septal defect
  • hypertrophy of right ventricle
  • overriding aorta
  • pulmonary stenosis

International House Of PancakeS

48
Q

what does the RIGHT horn of the sinus venosus become?

A

sinus venarum of right ventricle

49
Q

what does the LEFT horn of the sinus venosus become

A

coronary sinus

50
Q

the smooth portion of the inner wall of the LEFT atrium is formed by what?

A

pulmonary veins

51
Q

what are the three ducts of the fetal circulation that we need to know?

A
  • ductus arteriosus (become ligamentum arteriosum)
  • ductus venosus (becomes ligamentum venosum)
  • valve of foramen ovale (becomes fossa ovale)

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 3) (15 decks)

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