Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IC > histamine/PG COPY > Flashcards

histamine/PG COPY Flashcards

1
Q

loratadine

A

second gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

misoprostol

A

PGE1 analogue

1st and 2nd trimester abortion

  • Misoprostol - Methyl analog of PGE1
    • Binds to PG receptors on parietal cells to inhibit acid secretion
      • NSAIDs inhibit production of PG - but you can replace the PG in the stomach to stop the ulcers from forming
    • Use
      • Prevent NSAIDs ulcers from forming
    • AE
      • Diarrhea and abdominal pain
    • May cause abortion by stimulating uterine contractions
  • Misoprostol (PGE1 derivative) - cryoprotective

Reatment of ulcer approved for the treatment of NSAID induced ulcer

Combined with mifepristone for terminating early pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nedocromil

A

histamine release inhibitors

  • Three main things that use it
    • Basophils/mast cells
      • High levels in potential sites of injury (nose, mouth, feet, blood vessels)
      • Cross linking of IgE on surface (via antigens) cause degranulation
        • There is feedback on the H2 receptors to inhibit more release
      • Released histamine
        • Type 1 allergic reactions - hay fever, acute uticaria
        • Inflammatory and immune modulation
          • Blood vessel dialation
          • Complement activation
          • Cytokine release
          • T cell and B cell modulation
    • Brain
      • Neurotransmitter function
    • Enterochromaffin like cells (ECL) in stomach
      • Activate acid production
    • Chemical induced histamine release
      • Morphine and tubocurarine
      • Compound 48/80
        • Drug used in the lab - it just makes the mast cells release histamine
      • Mast cell injury
  • There is no clinical use of histamine - toxic effects overshadow clinical benefit
  • How to modulate histamine clinicaly
    • Phsyiologic counteraction - epinephrine
    • Inhibitors of histamine release: cromolyn
    • Pharamcologic blockade of histamine receptros
      • Block them with antagonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ziluteon

A

leukotriene inhibitor

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ranitidine

A

H2 blocker

  • H2 receptor mediated response
    • CV
      • Higher dosese of histamine - cAMP dependent vasodilation and direct cardiac stimulation
        • Increase contractility and HR
      • H2 antagonists have little effect on cardiac function - you would have to give them in really high concentrations
    • Secretory tissue
      • Stimulation of parietal cells - gastric acid secretion
      • Ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine, famotidine
  • Clinical uses of H2 receptor antagonists
    • Reduceing gastric acid secretion
      • PUD, GERD,
    • Effective doses generally don’t impact
      • Intesitnal secretion
      • Other peripheral H2 receptor mediated effects (HR etc)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CHLORPHENIRAMINE

A

first gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clemastine

A

first gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

rofecoxib

A

cox2 inhibitor (discontinued)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

brompheniramine

A

first gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
  • These are all good at blocking the receptors - but the two generations are differetn in a few ways
    • 2nd gen don’t cross BBB - can relieve seasonal allergies without CNS issues
    • Many of the 1st gens have strong anticholinergic activity - this is primarily what cuases the CNS sedation, its also what makes some of them good at preventing motion sickness
    • Duration of action: 1st gen (4-6 hours), 2nd gen (12-24 hours)
  • Tox
    • Sedation
    • Antimuscarinic: urinary retention, blurred vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dinoprostone

A

PGE2

given vaginally for abortion

can also be used to incue labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fexofenadine

A

second gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ketorolac

A

NSAID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

azelastine

A

Second gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

montelukast

A

leukotriene inhibitor

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

meclizine

A

first gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

desloratadine

A

second gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

indomethacin

A

NSAID

18
Q

cetirizine

A

second gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
19
Q

salicyclic acid

A

salicylate NSAID

20
Q

cimetidine, famotidine

A

H2 blocker

  • H2 receptor mediated response
    • CV
      • Higher dosese of histamine - cAMP dependent vasodilation and direct cardiac stimulation
        • Increase contractility and HR
      • H2 antagonists have little effect on cardiac function - you would have to give them in really high concentrations
    • Secretory tissue
      • Stimulation of parietal cells - gastric acid secretion
      • Ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine, famotidine
  • Clinical uses of H2 receptor antagonists
    • Reduceing gastric acid secretion
      • PUD, GERD,
    • Effective doses generally don’t impact
      • Intesitnal secretion
      • Other peripheral H2 receptor mediated effects (HR etc)
21
Q

oxaprozin

A

NSAID

22
Q

sulindac

A

NSAID

23
Q

promethazine

A

first gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
24
Q

alprostadil

A

PGE1 (prostaglandin)

relaxes SM
keeps ductus arteriosis opens for neonates awating cardiac surgery

second line treatment for ED

25
Q

celecoxib

A

COX2 inhibitor

26
Q

diclofenac

A

NSAID

27
Q

nizatidine

A

H2 blocker

  • H2 receptor mediated response
    • CV
      • Higher dosese of histamine - cAMP dependent vasodilation and direct cardiac stimulation
        • Increase contractility and HR
      • H2 antagonists have little effect on cardiac function - you would have to give them in really high concentrations
    • Secretory tissue
      • Stimulation of parietal cells - gastric acid secretion
      • Ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine, famotidine
  • Clinical uses of H2 receptor antagonists
    • Reduceing gastric acid secretion
      • PUD, GERD,
    • Effective doses generally don’t impact
      • Intesitnal secretion
      • Other peripheral H2 receptor mediated effects (HR etc)
28
Q

naproxen

A

NSAID

29
Q

idophenpropit

A

H3 blocker

  • H3 receptor mediated responses
    • Nervous system
      • Presynaptic H3 receptor activation modulates neurotransmitter release
    • Metabolic effects
      • Ongoing studies,
30
Q

cromolyn

A

histamine release inhibitors

  • Three main things that use it
    • Basophils/mast cells
      • High levels in potential sites of injury (nose, mouth, feet, blood vessels)
      • Cross linking of IgE on surface (via antigens) cause degranulation
        • There is feedback on the H2 receptors to inhibit more release
      • Released histamine
        • Type 1 allergic reactions - hay fever, acute uticaria
        • Inflammatory and immune modulation
          • Blood vessel dialation
          • Complement activation
          • Cytokine release
          • T cell and B cell modulation
    • Brain
      • Neurotransmitter function
    • Enterochromaffin like cells (ECL) in stomach
      • Activate acid production
    • Chemical induced histamine release
      • Morphine and tubocurarine
      • Compound 48/80
        • Drug used in the lab - it just makes the mast cells release histamine
      • Mast cell injury
  • There is no clinical use of histamine - toxic effects overshadow clinical benefit
  • How to modulate histamine clinicaly
    • Phsyiologic counteraction - epinephrine
    • Inhibitors of histamine release: cromolyn
    • Pharamcologic blockade of histamine receptros
      • Block them with antagonists
31
Q

hydroxyzine

A

first gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
32
Q

thioperamide

A

H3 blocker

  • H3 receptor mediated responses
    • Nervous system
      • Presynaptic H3 receptor activation modulates neurotransmitter release
    • Metabolic effects
      • Ongoing studies,
33
Q

dimenhydrinate

A

first gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)
34
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID

35
Q

chlorbenpropit

A

H3 blocker

  • H3 receptor mediated responses
    • Nervous system
      • Presynaptic H3 receptor activation modulates neurotransmitter release
    • Metabolic effects
      • Ongoing studies,
36
Q

ketoprofen

A

NSAID

37
Q

piroxicam

A

NSAID

38
Q

valdecoxib

A

cox2 inhibitor (discontinued)

39
Q

aspirin

A

salicylate NSAID

40
Q

diphenhydramine

A

first gen H1 blocker

  • H1 receptor mediated response
    • Nervous system
      • Uticarial response, insect stings
      • Reqpiratory neuron signaling
    • CV
      • Vasodilation mediated by increased NO release (very similar to how ACH cuases reaction in vascular endothelium)
      • Reflex tachycardia
      • Edema: increased permeability of post capillary vessels
    • Bronchiolar SM
      • Bronchoconstriction (particularly in asthmatic patients)
    • GI smooth muscle
      • Contraction of intestinal smooth emucels (high doses produce diarrhea)

IC (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions