Cholinergic pharm COPY COPY

Question 1

Direct acting cholinoceptor agonists (types)

Answer 1

esters of choline

alkaloids

Question 2

acetycholine

Answer 2

direct acting cholinoceptor agonst

ester of choline - quaternary ammonium

rapidly hydrolysed

Question 3

methacholine

Answer 3

DA cholinoceptor ag

ester of choline

quat amm

more resistant to hydrolysis than acetycholine

Question 4

carbachol and bethanechol

Answer 4

DA cholinoceptor agonist

ester of choline - quat amm

very resistant to hydroylysis

Question 5

Cevimeline

Answer 5

DA muscarinic agonist

choline ester - quat amm

Question 6

pilocarpine

Answer 6

alkaloid (tert)

CNS activity

muscarinic activation predominant

Question 7

nicotine

Answer 7

tert alkyloid

CNS activity

nicotinic activation predominant

Question 8

lobeline

Answer 8

tert alkaloid (DA cholinoceptor ag)

CNS effects

nicotinic activation predominant

Question 9

muscarine

Answer 9

quat alkaloid (cholinomemetic DA)

muscarinic activation predominant

Question 10

Varenicline

Answer 10

direct nicotinic agonist

used to treat nicotine addiction

Question 11

three groups of cholinesterase inhibitors (indirect acting cholinomimetics)

Answer 11

carbamates

simple alcohol esters

organophosphate

there are a couple others that dont fit in these three categories

Question 12

neostigmine

Answer 12

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

quat amm

Question 13

physostigmine

Answer 13

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

tert am

Question 14

pyridostigmine

Answer 14

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

Question 15

rivastigmine

Answer 15

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

Question 16

ambenonium

Answer 16

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

Question 17

demecarium

Answer 17

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

Question 18

carbaryl

Answer 18

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

high lipid solubility = rapid CNS effects

common insectoside

Question 19

Edrophonium

Answer 19

cholinesterase inhibitor - simple alcohol ester

rapidly degraded

Question 20

echothiophate

Answer 20

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

• Well absorbed topically - used as insecticides
• Well distributed into CNS
• Phosphorlyated AChE active site - very stable
  
  • Undergoes aging - once aged you can’t get rid of the phos - you just have to make a new enzyme
  • Before aging you can use pralidoxime (2-PAM) to restore enzyme function

Question 21

soman

Answer 21

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 22

sarin

Answer 22

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 23

parathion

Answer 23

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 24

malathion

Answer 24

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 25

isoflurophate

Answer 25

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 26

diisopropylflurophosphate (DFP)

Answer 26

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 27

donepezil

Answer 27

cholinesterase inhibitor used for alzheimers disease improves cognition - but doesnt slow or cure the disease

Question 28

tacrine

Answer 28

cholinesterase inhibitor used for treatment of alzheimers disease

Question 29

galantamine

Answer 29

cholinesterase inhibitor used in treatment of alzheimers disease

Question 30

anticholinergic agents types

Answer 30

tertiary amines quaternary amines ganglionic blocking drugs cholinesterase regenereators - 2PAM

Question 31

Atropine

Answer 31

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine non selective - inhibits M1/2/3

Question 32

copolamine

Answer 32

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 33

homatropine

Answer 33

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 34

pirenzepine

Answer 34

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine M1 selective

Question 35

Tropicamide

Answer 35

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 36

tolterodine

Answer 36

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine M3 selective - bladder

Question 37

dicyclomine

Answer 37

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 38

fesoteridine

Answer 38

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 39

mepenzolate

Answer 39

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 40

solifenacin

Answer 40

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 41

oxybutynin

Answer 41

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 42

darifenacin

Answer 42

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 43

darifenacin

Answer 43

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 44

trospium

Answer 44

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 45

atropine methyl nitrate

Answer 45

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 46

methscopolamine

Answer 46

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 47

ipratropium

Answer 47

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 48

propantheline

Answer 48

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 49

glycopyrrolate

Answer 49

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 50

hexamethonium

Answer 50

ganglionic blocking drug

Question 51

trimethaphan

Answer 51

ganglionic blocking drug lacks CNS effects

Question 52

mecamylamine

Answer 52

ganglionic blocking drug

Question 53

pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Answer 53

cholinesterase regenerator - it binds to cholinesterase and inhibits it but not as tight as organophosphates so it can be used to knock them off if they havent aged yet