Bone and mineral disease Flashcards
1
Q
calcium carbonate
A
calcium supplement - oral
- m carbonate
- Cheap
- More likely to cuase gas, bloating, constipatoin
- Neutralizes gastric acid and can cuase rebound acid secretion
- More concentrated - smaller pills
- Need to take with food
*
2
Q
calcium citrate
A
calcium supplement - oral
- Fewer GI problems
- Doesn’t affect gastric pH
- Can take without food
3
Q
calcium gluconate
A
cal supplement - IV
- Least irritating to veins of IV Ca preps
- Rapid infusion can cause arrhythmias
4
Q
cholecalciferol
A
vitamin D3
made by animals
5
Q
ergocalciferol
A
vit D2
- D2 is made by plants, D3 by animals
- D3 is considered more physiological
- D2 is prescribed more - this is because D3 is in supplements (we don’t like that because they can put whatever they want in there) - if we prescribe D2 then we know exactly what is in there
- causes of vit D def
- Inadequate dietrary intake
- Inadequate exposure to light
- Renal dysfunction
- Adminiatration of anticonvulsants (such as phenobarbital, phentoin) that increase metabolism of 25 (OH)D
- Pharmacolic uses of Vit D
- Nutritional rickets - prophylaxis and treatment
- Metabolic rickets (due to genetic defect in the renal hydroxylase or due to chronic renal failure) calcitrol is used since patients can bioactivate vitamin D2 or D3
- Osteoporosis and osteomalacia - in combination with calcium
- Psoriasis: calcipotriene - topical
- Hypoparathyroidism -> low 1,25(OH2)D - can use any med: D2, D3, or calcitriol
- Secondary hypoparathyroidism in renal disease -> low 1,25(OH)2D - doxercalciferol, paricalitol (this is the major time you would use these drugs)
6
Q
calcitriol
A
vit D (1,25 OH2 vitamine D (active vit D)
7
Q
calcipotriene
A
vit D
8
Q
doxercalciferal
A
vit D
9
Q
paracalcitrol
A
vit D
10
Q
etidronate
A
bisphosphonate - oral
Etidronate - daily, pagets only - you have to take this every day - the others you have to take once a week or month so this is harder for patients
11
Q
alendronate
A
bisphosphonate - oral
Alendronate - daily or weekly
12
Q
risedronate
A
bisphosphonate - oral
daily, weekly, monthly
13
Q
ibandronate
A
bisphosphonate - oral or IV
monthly (oral) , quarterly (IV)
14
Q
zoledronic acid
A
bisphosphonate - IV
annual
15
Q
pamidronate
A
bisphosphonate - IV
pagets and malignancies
