Cholinergic pharm COPY

Question 1

three groups of cholinesterase inhibitors (indirect acting cholinomimetics)

Answer 1

carbamates

simple alcohol esters

organophosphate

there are a couple others that dont fit in these three categories

Question 2

Edrophonium

Answer 2

cholinesterase inhibitor - simple alcohol ester

rapidly degraded

Question 3

soman

Answer 3

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 4

oxybutynin

Answer 4

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 5

sarin

Answer 5

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 6

darifenacin

Answer 6

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 7

mecamylamine

Answer 7

ganglionic blocking drug

Question 8

methscopolamine

Answer 8

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 9

hexamethonium

Answer 9

ganglionic blocking drug

Question 10

rivastigmine

Answer 10

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

Question 11

lobeline

Answer 11

tert alkaloid (DA cholinoceptor ag)

CNS effects

nicotinic activation predominant

Question 12

ambenonium

Answer 12

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

Question 13

propantheline

Answer 13

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 14

solifenacin

Answer 14

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 15

darifenacin

Answer 15

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 16

Direct acting cholinoceptor agonists (types)

Answer 16

esters of choline

alkaloids

Question 17

isoflurophate

Answer 17

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 18

demecarium

Answer 18

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

Question 19

carbaryl

Answer 19

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

high lipid solubility = rapid CNS effects

common insectoside

Question 20

donepezil

Answer 20

cholinesterase inhibitor used for alzheimers disease

improves cognition - but doesnt slow or cure the disease

Question 21

pirenzepine

Answer 21

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

M1 selective

Question 22

fesoteridine

Answer 22

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 23

pilocarpine

Answer 23

alkaloid (tert)

CNS activity

muscarinic activation predominant

Question 24

muscarine

Answer 24

quat alkaloid (cholinomemetic DA)

muscarinic activation predominant

Question 25

Tropicamide

Answer 25

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 26

atropine methyl nitrate

Answer 26

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 27

mepenzolate

Answer 27

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 28

tolterodine

Answer 28

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine M3 selective - bladder

Question 29

Atropine

Answer 29

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine non selective - inhibits M1/2/3

Question 30

anticholinergic agents types

Answer 30

tertiary amines quaternary amines ganglionic blocking drugs cholinesterase regenereators - 2PAM

Question 31

diisopropylflurophosphate (DFP)

Answer 31

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 32

glycopyrrolate

Answer 32

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine

Question 33

acetycholine

Answer 33

direct acting cholinoceptor agonst ester of choline - quaternary ammonium rapidly hydrolysed

Question 34

neostigmine

Answer 34

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate quat amm

Question 35

nicotine

Answer 35

tert alkyloid CNS activity nicotinic activation predominant

Question 36

methacholine

Answer 36

DA cholinoceptor ag ester of choline quat amm more resistant to hydrolysis than acetycholine

Question 37

dicyclomine

Answer 37

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 38

Varenicline

Answer 38

direct nicotinic agonist used to treat nicotine addiction

Question 39

physostigmine

Answer 39

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate tert am

Question 40

carbachol and bethanechol

Answer 40

DA cholinoceptor agonist ester of choline - quat amm very resistant to hydroylysis

Question 41

galantamine

Answer 41

cholinesterase inhibitor used in treatment of alzheimers disease

Question 42

pralidoxime (2-PAM)

Answer 42

cholinesterase regenerator - it binds to cholinesterase and inhibits it but not as tight as organophosphates so it can be used to knock them off if they havent aged yet

Question 43

malathion

Answer 43

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 44

parathion

Answer 44

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate

Question 45

tacrine

Answer 45

cholinesterase inhibitor used for treatment of alzheimers disease

Question 46

copolamine

Answer 46

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 47

trospium

Answer 47

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 48

Cevimeline

Answer 48

DA muscarinic agonist choline ester - quat amm

Question 49

homatropine

Answer 49

muscarinic antagonist - tertiary amine

Question 50

trimethaphan

Answer 50

ganglionic blocking drug lacks CNS effects

Question 51

pyridostigmine

Answer 51

cholinesterase inhibitor - carbamate

Question 52

echothiophate

Answer 52

cholinesterase inhibitor - organophosphate * Well absorbed topically - used as insecticides * Well distributed into CNS * Phosphorlyated AChE active site - very stable * Undergoes aging - once aged you can’t get rid of the phos - you just have to make a new enzyme * Before aging you can use pralidoxime (2-PAM) to restore enzyme function

Question 53

ipratropium

Answer 53

muscarinic antagonist - quaternary amine