Heme Lab Testing Flashcards
EDTA and citrate
anticoagulants in sample tubes
MCV
mean cell volume
average RBC volume
RBC
red blood cell count
Hb
converts Hb to hemoglobin cyanide and measures the abosrption
Hct
hematocrit
MCV x RBC
MCHC
mean cell hemoglobin concentration
average mass of Hb per cell
Hb/RBC
spurious thrombocytopenia
platelets stick to white cells which appears as a reduction in platelet count
MPV
mean platelet volume
CBC with differential
complete blood count including #/% of lymphocytes monocytes neutrophils eosinophils basophils
appearance of normal red cells
pink rim that is 2/3 the diameter
diameter 7-8 um
neutrophil
large
filled with fine granules
5 nuclear lobes
band cell
immature neutrophil
horseshoe nucleus
more granulation
left shift
more bands
indicates infection
RDW
red cell distribution width
range of RBC sizes
RDW is increased in
most anemias
neutrophil count is increased in
acute bacterial infections
lymphocyte
same size as RBC
nucleus takes up most of cell
lymphocyte elevation in
chronic infection
acute viral disease
some lymphomas
atypical lymphocytes
look similar to monocytes
BUT nucleus is indented and the cell forms around RBC
atypical lymphocytes are elevated in
mononucleuosis
monocyte
very large
blue
cytoplasm has vacuoles
nuclear cleft
monocytes elevated in
chronic infections
collagen vascular disease
some lymphomas
eosinophil
bright red granules
bilobed nucleus
eosinophils elevated in
atopic reactions
parasite infections
hodgkin lymphoma
basophil
smaller than neutrophil
basophilic (blue) granules block nucleus
rare
basophils elevated in
CML
band count vs absolute neutrophil count
band count- hard to get
ANC- total white count * neutrophils- better for monitoring infection
low ANC
low absolute neutrophil count
risk for infection
reticulocyte
immature RBC, larger
non nucleated
RNA fragments seen with special stain
reticulocyte count used for
assessing bone marrow function
reticulocyte count corrected for anemia
% reticulocytes x patient Hct/normal Hct
what is elevated if reticulocyte count is elevated
MCV
macrocytes
large RBC
microcytes
small RBC
spherocytes
round RBC
loss of central area of pallor
shistocytes
helmet looking- semicircle with pointy ends
shistocyte presence indicates
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
ovalocytes
oval RBC
ovalocyte presence indicates
hereditary ovalocytosis
iron deficiency
thalassemia
drepanocytes
sickle cells
ancanthrocyte
spur cell
irregular thorn-like projections
no area of central pallor
ancanthrocyte presence indicates
advanced liver disease
malnutrition
echinocyte
burr cell
regular thorny projections
condocyte
target cell
leptocyte
excess membrane that folds on itself and Hg gets pushed to center
condocyte presence caused by either
reduced Hb content
increased RBC membrane
causes of reduce Hb content
thalassemia
hemoglobinopathy
iron deficiency anemia
causes of increased RBC membrane
post splectomy
liver disease
rouleaux
chain of RBC
cause of rouleaux
monoglobinopathy
Dohle body
ER bounced at cell periphery
reactive- in infections
Pelter-Huet cells
bilobed neutrophil nucleus
myelodysplastic syndromes
Howell Jolly body
RBC with DNA in int
cause of Howell Jolly body
post splectomy
megaloblastic anemia
hemolytic anemia
Howell Jolly body presence = risk of
encapsulated bacterial infections
hyperhsegmented neutrophil
6+ lobed nucleus
hyperhsegmented neutrophil association
megaloblastic anemia
cause of basophilic stippling
thalassemia lead poisoning 5' pyridine nucleotides deficiency liver disease megaloblastic anemia
anisocytosis
RBC size variation
poikilocytosis
shape variation
hypochromic
low Hb
