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Block 6 > Anxiolytics > Flashcards

Anxiolytics Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of anxiety

A

restlessness
tachycardia
sweating
insomina

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2
Q

brain structures involved in anxiety

A

hippocampus

amygdala

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3
Q

uses of anxiolytic drugs

A

anesthesia
anxiety and psychiatric disorders
acute anxiety
alcohol and other drug withdrawal

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4
Q

classes of anxiolytic drugs

A

barbiturates
benzodiazepines
buspirone
antidepressants

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5
Q

antidepressants used for anxiety

A

SSRI
SNRI
TCA
MAOI

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6
Q

first choice drugs for anxiety

A

SSRI

SNRI

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7
Q

benzos bind to GABA receptors and

A

increase frequency of opening

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8
Q

barbiturates bind to GABA receptors and

A

increase duration of opening

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9
Q

flumazenil

A

bento antagonist used for OD of benzos

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10
Q

limitations of flumazenil

A

doesn’t work for alcohol, barbiturate, or other anesthetic overdoses

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11
Q

clonazepam

A

benzo with slower onset of action

used to treat withdrawal from benzos

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12
Q

active metabolite of some benzos

A

desmethyldiazepam

formed by phase 1 oxidation at liver

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13
Q

benzo excretion

A

phase 2 glucuronidation and excreted by kidneys

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14
Q

long acting benzos

A 
converted to desmethyldiazepam
30-200h
chlordiazepoxide
diazepam
flurazepam
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15
Q

fluazepam

A

long acting benzo

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16
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A

long acting benzo

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17
Q

flurazepam

A

long acting benzo

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18
Q

short acting benzos

A 
skips phase 1 oxidation
used for hypnotics
3-27h
alprazolam
lorazepam
oxazepam
temazepam
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19
Q

alprazolam

A

short acting benzo

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20
Q

lorazepam

A

short acting benzo

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21
Q

oxazepam

A

short acting benzo

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22
Q

temazepam

A

short acting benzo

23
Q

ultra short acting bentos

A

1-5h

triazolam

24
Q

triazolam

A

short acting benzo

best sleep aid

25
Q

contraindications to benzo use

A

required mental alertness
alcohol, drug, substance abuse
pregnant
breast feeding

26
Q

ADR of benzos

A 
drowsiness
dizziness
ataxia
respiratory depression
disinhibition
rare- increased aggression, allergic reactions
27
Q

risk factors of using benzos

A 
impaired liver function, age
renal disease
COPD, sleep apnea
myasthenia gravis
history of substance abuse, cognitive disorders, CNS depression
28
Q

risks associated with abruptly stopping benzos

A

rebound anxiety/insomina

withdrawal symptoms- paranoia, depression, suicidal ideation, delirium, seizures

29
Q

worst class of drug for physical dependence

A

benzos

30
Q

indications for benzo use (9)

A 
GAD
panic
social anxiety
PTSD
acute stress
adjustment disorder with anxiety
bipolar
anxiety associated with life events
akathisia
31
Q

benzo drug interactions

A

CYP interactions- increase plasma levels
rifampin and tobacco- decrease plasma levels
food and antacids- decrease absorption
additive with sedative and CNS depressants

32
Q

buspirone MOA

A

5HT1a partial agonist
presynaptic dopamine antagonist
partial alpha1 agoinst

33
Q

benefits of buspirone

A

no sedation, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxation
no tolerance or cross tolerance
no potential for addiction or dependance

34
Q

buspirone use

A

chronic anxiety- takes days/weeks to see an affect

GAD

35
Q

drugs for panic disorder

A 
SSRI (gold standard)
TCA
SNRI
benzos- used to accelerate onset and reduce side effects of the antidepressants
MAOI- only if others don't work
36
Q

GAD drugs

A

benzos
buspirone
SNRI
SSRI

37
Q

SNRI for GAD

A

venlafaxine

38
Q

SSRI for GAD

A

paroxetine

citalopram

39
Q

SSRI for panic disorder

A

setraline

paroxetine

40
Q

TCA for panic disorder

A

imipramine

clomipramine

41
Q

SNRI for panic disorder

A

venlafaxine

42
Q

benzos for panic disorder

A

alprazolam
clonazepam
lorazepam

43
Q

drugs for social anxiety disorder

A

SSRI
bentos
beta blockers
antihistamines

44
Q

SSRI for social anxiety disorder

A

sertraline
paroxetine
venlafaxine

45
Q

beta blocker for social anxiety disorder

A

propranolol

46
Q

antihistamines for social anxiety disorder

A

diphenhydramine

hydroxyzine

47
Q

drugs for OCD

A

TCA

SSRI

48
Q

drugs that do not work for OCD

A

buspirone
other TCAs
MAOI
buproprione

49
Q

TCA for OCD

A

clomipramine

50
Q

SSRI for OCD

A

sertraline
paroxetine
fluoxetine
fluvoxzamine

51
Q

drugs for PTSD

A

SSRI- first line
bentos
TCA, SNRI, MAOI
adrenergic inhibitors

52
Q

trazadone

A

for PTSD

augments SSRI effectiveness and reverses insomnia and sedation

53
Q

adrenergic inhibitors for PTSD

A

alpha2 agonists
clonidine
guanfacine

54
Q

effects of adrenergic inhibitors for PTSD

A

reduces hyperactivity, nightmares, startle, rage, hyper vigilance

Block 6 (24 decks)

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