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Block 6 > Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

addiction

A

overwhelming compulsion
criminal activity to obtain
extreme dependence (psychological or physical)

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2
Q

part of the brain involved in addiction

A

nucleus accumbens

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3
Q

drugs of abuse

A 
opioids
CNS depressants
psychostimulants
nicotine
hallucinogens
marijuana
phencyclidine
volatile intoxicants
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4
Q

examples of opioids

A

heroin
methadone
morphine
codeine

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5
Q

opioid MOA

A

mesolimbic DA system
inhibits GABA release which leads to increased activation of the ventral segmental area neurons and increased dopamine release

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6
Q

effects of opioids

A 
euphoria
sleepiness
anxiety release
analgesia
depression of cough reflex
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7
Q

methadone

A 
opioid against
slowly acting
less euphoria and withdrawal symptoms
used for maintenance therapy
can be tapered off slowly or on for life
only at clinics
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8
Q

buprenorphine

A

opioid agoinst/antagoinst
maintenance treatment
less respiratory depression and withdrawal than methadone
available at pharmacies

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9
Q

naltrexone

A

opioid antagonist

used for dependence, rapid detox, or maintenance

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10
Q

most severe withdrawal symptoms

A

opioids

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11
Q

opioid withdrawal symptoms

A 
not life threatening
anxious
mydriasis
increased pulse
piloerection
secretion
muscle aches
NVD
dehydration
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12
Q

examples of sedative-hypnotics (CNS depressants)

A

benzodiazepines

barbiturates

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13
Q

alprazolam

A

benzodiazepine

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14
Q

diazepam

A

benzo

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15
Q

lorazepam

A

benzo

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16
Q

flunitrazepam

A

benzo

roofies

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17
Q

effects of sedative hypnotics

A

euphoria

stimulation

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18
Q

treatment of benzo overdose

A

taper off slowly- can give a longer acting benzo
tremor- propranolol/clonidine
anxiety- buspirone

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19
Q

benzo withdrawal symptoms

A 
tremor
insomnia
anxiety
abdominal cramps
orthostatic hypotension
hyperreflexia
weakness
illusions and hallucinations
seizures
delirium
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20
Q

examples of stimulants

A 
cocaine
crack
amphetamines
methylphenidate
MDA
MDMA
caffeine
theophylline
nicotine
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21
Q

MDMA

A

ecstasy

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22
Q

crack vs cocaine

A

crack- smoke

cocaine- IV

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23
Q

methylxanthines

A

caffeine

theophylline

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24
Q

MOA cocaine

A

inhibits DA reuptake*

also inhibits NE and 5HT reuptake

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25
Q

effects of cocaine

A 
euphoria
rush
delusions
hallucination
increased HR/BP
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26
Q

overdose of cocaine

A 
tachycardia
HTN
brain hemorrhage
anxiety
paranoia
seizures
unpredictable behavior
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27
Q

the runs

A

associated with cocaine

alternate cravings and drug taking which leads to crash

28
Q

the blues

A

associated with cocaine
fatigue
depression
hyperphagia

29
Q

treatment of cocaine dependence

A 
can only treat symptoms
beta blockers for autonomic activity
nitroglycerine- angina
CCB- HTN
ice bath- fever
antidepressants- depression
haloperidol- psychosis
alprazolam- panic attacks
30
Q

cocaine withdrawal symptoms

A 
depression
sleepiness
craving
bradycardia
not life threatening
decreases over weeks
31
Q

amphetamines MOA

A

release of endogenous amines- DA NE

inhibit transporter

32
Q

effects of amphetamines

A

euphoria
hallucinations
anorexia
fever

33
Q

amphetamine overdose

A 
tachycardia
arrhythmia
NVD
delirium
psychosis
stroke
seizure
muscle rigidity
rhabdomyolysis
34
Q

effects of nicotine

A

increase E and NE from adrenal gland
increases sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
increases ACTH from pituitary

35
Q

positive effects of nicotine

A 
anxiolysis
cognitive enhancement
cerebrovasodilation
neuroprotection
analgesia
anti-psychotic
36
Q

negative effects of nicotine

A 
GI distress
hypothermia
emesis
HTN
seizures
respiratory distress
37
Q

acute nicotine intoxification

A

respiratory arrest from blocking respiratory centers and NMJ for breathign

38
Q

chronic effects of nicotine

A

heart disease
lung disease/cancer
low birth weight
asthma in kids

39
Q

withdrawal symptoms of nicotine

A

nervousness

sleep disturbances

40
Q

methods of nicotine cessation

A

nicotine gum
patches
nasal spray
varenicline

41
Q

varenicline

A

partial nACh agoinst- blocks receptors to prevent withdrawal and prevents nicotine from binding

42
Q

hallucinogen examples

A

LSD
mescaline
LSM
psilocybin

43
Q

acute effects of low dose hallucinogens

A 
thought distortion
visual hallucinations
synthesis
dizziness
nausea
blurred vision
anxiety
tension
dilated pupils
increased HR, BP, temp, reflexes
44
Q

acute effects of high doses of hallucinogens

A

panic

paranoia

45
Q

MOA of hallucinogens

A

5HT2a receptor*

mimics 5HT, DA, Ach

46
Q

active ingredient in marijuana

A

cannabinoid (THC)

dronabinol- synthetic THC

47
Q

acute effects of marijuana

A 
rapid onset
euphoria
relaxation
altered passage of time
memory impairment
48
Q

high doses of marijuana effects

A

visual hallucinations

psychosis

49
Q

medical uses of marijuana

A

increase appetite
decrease nausea
decrease IOP
relieve chronic pain

50
Q

chronic effects of marijuana

A

short term memory issues
lung disease
decreased testosterone

51
Q

MOA of marijuana

A

inhibit adenylate cyclase
inhibit Ca channel
serotonin and Ach release
limbic system inhibition

52
Q

psychological dependence of marijuana

A

anxiety
irritable
insomnia
nausea

53
Q

phencyclidine

A

PCP

54
Q

effects of low dose PCP

A

dreamy, altered perception
impaired judgement
partial amnesia

55
Q

effects moderate dose PCP

A 
inebriation
dissociation
decreased pain sensitivity
ataxia
abnormal body sensations
mood swings
56
Q

high dose effects PCP

A 
hallucinations
catatonia
delirium
amnesia
HTN crisis
57
Q

MOA of PCP

A

NMDA antagonist

block DA reuptake

58
Q

acute effects of inhalants

A

euphoria
numbness
tachycardia
hyptension

59
Q

long term effects of inhalants

A

loss of finger dexterity

severe neurological deficiencies

60
Q

effects of industrial solvents

A

euphoria
disorientation
time perception changes

61
Q

rank order of addiction risk

A

cocaine > opioids = nicotine > marijuana > PCP = hallucinogens

62
Q

naltrexone

A

opioid and alcohol dependency

63
Q

methadone

A

opioid dependency

64
Q

buprenorphine

A

opioid dependency

65
Q

clonidine

A

opioid withdrawal

66
Q

disulfiram

A

alcohol dependency

67
Q

acamprosate

A

alcohol craving

Block 6 (24 decks)

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