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Block 6 > ADHD Drugs > Flashcards

ADHD Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

brain area for attentiveness

A

cingulo-fronto-parietal attention network

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2
Q

brain area for mind wondering

A

default mode network (DMN)

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3
Q

main NTs of ADHD

A

DA, NE in prefrontal cortex

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4
Q

normal attentiveness functioning

A

auto receptors decrease DA and NE phasic release

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5
Q

transporters involved in ADHD

A

vesicular monoamine transporter 2- pumps NT into storage vesicles
DAT
NET

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6
Q

axon terminal autoreceptors

A

D2, alpha2

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7
Q

postsynaptic receptors

A

D1

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8
Q

issue in ADHD

A

increased DAT activity results in less tonic DA to bind to the auto receptors that decrease phasic DA release –> too much DA in the mind wondering area and not enough activation of the CFP area

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9
Q

2 major effects of ADHD drugs

A

increase tonic levels of DA

increase noradrenergic signaling to increase stimulation of post alpha2 receptors

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10
Q

amphetamine examples

A

amphetamine
dextroamphetamine
lisdexamfetamine

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11
Q

lisdexamfetamine

A

prodrug to reduce risk of overdose and abuse

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12
Q

MOA of amphetamines

A

DAT inhibition
VMAT2 inhibition
TAAR1 activation

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13
Q

TAAR1

A

activated by amphetamines

phosphorylates DAT which makes it run in reverse to move DA INTO the synapse –> increase tonic action

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14
Q

amphetamine side effects

A 
nervous
insomnia
anorexia
abdominal pain
headache
dullness/fatigue
emotional lability
dry mouth
tic worsening
increased BP
growth inhibition
sudden death
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15
Q

withdrawal symptoms of amphetamines

A

dysphoria
sleep disturbances
psychomotor changes
increased appetite

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16
Q

signs of supra therapeutic amphetamine dose

A 
supranoramalization
anxiety
dilated pupils
sweating, flushing, pallor
hyperthermia
tremor
17
Q

toxic amphetamine dose

A 
arrhythmia
heart block
circulatory collapse
rhabdomyolysis
seizures
coma
death
18
Q

contraindication to amphetamines

A 
eating disorders
substance abuse
advanced CVD
moderate/severe HTN
structural heart defects
hyperthyroidism
glaucoma
breastfeeding
19
Q

amphetamine interactions

A

sympathomimetics

antipsychotics (Li)

20
Q

methylphenidate, dexmethylphenidate

A

stimulants with a shorter duration of action

21
Q

MOA methylphenidate

A

blocks DAT and NET

22
Q

side effects of methylphenidate

A 
nervousness
insomnia
dullness/fatigue
emotional lability
worsening of tics
growth inhibition
23
Q

which has more CV issues

A

amphetamines more than methylphenidate

24
Q

which are scheduled drugs

A

amphetamines

methylphenidate

25
Q

alpha2 agonist MOA

A

alpha2 agonist- decreases phasic release

26
Q

guanfacine ADR

A 
sleepiness
hypotension
bradycardia
syncope
fatigue
depression
27
Q

cautions for alpha2 agonists

A

hypotension

anxiety with abrupt stop

28
Q

interactions for agonists

A

hypotensive agents
MAOI
cyp metabolism

29
Q

clonidine ADR

A

nasal congestion and irritation
throat irritation
worse sleepiness and hypotension than guanfacine

30
Q

alpha2 agoinsts

A

guanfacine

clonidine

31
Q

atamoxetine

A

non stimulant for ADHD

second line

32
Q

atamoxetine MAO

A

selective NET inhibition

33
Q

adr atamoxetine in kids

A

GI upset

increased suicidal thoughts/behaviors

34
Q

adr atamoxetine adults

A

insomnia
anticholinergic effects
GI upset
sexual effects

35
Q

contraindications of atamoxetine

A

glaucoma

jaundice

36
Q

interactions of atamoxetine

A

MAOI

cyp

37
Q

second line drugs for ADHD

A

antidepressants
anxiolytics
modafinil

38
Q

antidepressants/anxiolytics for ADHD

A

TCA
bupropion
buspirone

39
Q

modafinil

A

stimulant for narcolepsy

Block 6 (24 decks)

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