Heme and GI 1A

Question 1

Angiodysplasia is tortuous dilation of vessels, most common cause of small bowel obstruction, right sided, what is other diseases is it associated with?

Answer 1

Aortic Stenosis and vWF disease

CREST Hereditary Hemorrhagic (Osler-Weber-Rendu)

Not in First Aid, put in the back of brain

Question 2

Hirschsprung has what gene mutation? What genetic disease can cause Hirschsprung?

Answer 2

RET gene mutation Down Syndrome

Question 3

When I have celiac’s disease, what can heme issue, can I get along with it?

Answer 3

T cell lymphoma Small Bowel Disorder

Question 4

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease may cause what two things? What are the lab values?

Answer 4

Cirrhosis and HCC ALT > AST

Question 5

When there are intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions of damaged keratin filaments? What are the lab values?

Answer 5

Mallory bodies –> alcoholic hepatitis AST > ALT

Question 6

When there are diffuse bridging fibrosis (via stellate cells) and regenerative fibrosis, what is this? (We are in the Liver)

Answer 6

Cirrhosis

Question 7

Colorectal cancer what cannot be used for colorectal cancer screening?

Answer 7

CEA

Question 8

What disease needs 5-aminosalicylic in order to slow disease progression?

Answer 8

Ulcerative Colitis

Question 9

What is the misfolded gene product in the hepatocellular ER, PAS + globules, this will causes dyspnea without a history of smoking, not to mention liver damage?

Answer 9

alpha 1 anti-trypsin no alpha 1 anti-trypsin uninhibited elastase in alveoli, panacinar emphysema

Question 10

Neonatal Jaundice: The first 24 hours of life, usually resolves without treatment, most likely?

Answer 10

No UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Question 11

Neonatal Jaundice: What happens during the first two weeks of life, most likely?

Answer 11

Biliary Atresia

Question 12

Where do the GI malignancies move too?

Answer 12

Breast and Lung Cancer

Question 13

What is malignant tumor of endothelial origin, associated with exposure to arsenic, vinyl chloride?

Answer 13

Angiosarcoma of the Liver

Question 14

What is the most common benign liver tumor?

Answer 14

Cavernous Hemangioma

Question 15

What two muscles is Zenker Diverticulum?

Answer 15

thyropharyngeal and cricopharyngeal parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 16

What is acute gastritis with hypovolemia, via burns?

Answer 16

Curling ulcer

Question 17

What is brain injury, increased vagal stimulation, high Ach, High H+ with acute gastritis?

Answer 17

Cushings Ulcer

Question 18

What layer has Meissner Cells and secretes fluids?

Answer 18

Submucosa

Question 19

What layer has Auerbach and motility?

Answer 19

Muscularis Externa

Question 20

What is an enlarged gallbladder with painless jaundice?

Answer 20

Courvoisier Sign

Question 21

What does Achlasia not have that causes an issue?

Answer 21

NO and VIP

Question 22

What is a benign mixed tumor, most common salivary gland tumor, composed of chondromyxoid stroma, can be malignant?

Answer 22

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 23

What is the most common malignant tumor, in the mouth?

This has mucinous and squamous components?

Answer 23

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

Question 24

What is a benign tumor with germinal centers that is usually smokers, salivary glands?

Answer 24

Warthin Tumor Also called papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

Question 25

APC tumor chromosome 5, always in the rectum, thousands of polyps after puberty, quickly become cancer?

Answer 25

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Question 26

What is FAP osseous and soft tissues tumors, skull or mandible, retinal pigment epithelium, impacted/supernumerary teeth?

Answer 26

Gardner Syndrome

Question 27

What is FAP or lynch syndrome and malignant CNS tumor (medulloblastoma, glioma)?

Answer 27

Turcot Syndrome

Question 28

Hyperpigment macules through GI tract, along with an increased risk of breast and GI cancers. What is the disease? What is the gene mutation?

Answer 28

p10, PNET, and Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Question 29

What is hamartomatous polyps in the colon, stomach, and small bowel, associated with and increase risk of CRC? Chromosome 5 issue

Answer 29

Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome

Question 30

What polyp has mutations of APC and KRAS, and tubular histology with the possibility of becoming neoplastic? What is a common clinical sign?

Answer 30

Adenomatous Polyps Occult Bleeding

Question 31

What is CpG island methylator phenotype issues, can silence DNA mismatch, MMR gene, mutations in BRAF in well, neoplastic, what is this?

Answer 31

Serrated Polyps

Question 32

What area of the stomach does H. pylori? What area of the stomach does autoimmune or hits H+/K+ ATPase?

Answer 32

H pylori: Antrum then body Autoimmune: Body/Fundus

Question 33

Generally non-neoplastic: solitary lesions do not have significant risk of transformation, normal colonic tissue, with distorted architecture, what is this? What two things is it associated with?

Answer 33

Hamartomatous Polyps Peutz Jeghers Syndrome and Juvenile Polyposis

Question 34

What is the most common polyp, small, rectosigmoid location? This can also evolve into serrated polyps, what is seen on histology?

Answer 34

Hyperplastic Polyps Piling up of Goblet Cells

Question 35

What polyp is due to mucosal erosion in inflammatory bowel disease?

Answer 35

Inflammatory peudopolyps

Question 36

What is small, usually less than 5 mm, looks similar to normal mucosa, similar to normal mucosa?

Answer 36

Mucosal Polyps

Question 37

What type of polyps include lipoma, leiomyoma, fibroma, and other lesions?

Answer 37

Submucosal Polyps

Question 38

What does CHF increase after diagnosis, via the capillary game?

Answer 38

Increases hydrostatic pressure

Question 39

What is this? Name 2 conditions this can show up in

Answer 39

Acathocytes (Spur Cells) Liver Disease Abetalipoproteinemia (states of cholesterol dysregulation)

Question 40

What is this? Name 2 conditions this can show up in

Answer 40

Dacrocytes Bone Marrow infiltration (myelofibrosis) Thalassemias

Question 41

What is this? Name one condition this shows up in

Answer 41

Degmacytes "bite cells' G6PD deficiency

Question 42

What is this? Name 3 conditions this shows up in

Answer 42

Echinocytes "Burr Cells" End Stage Renal Disease Liver Disease Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency DDX: different from acanthocyte; its projections are more uniform and smaller

Question 43

What is this? What single disease does this show up in?

Answer 43

Elliptocytes Hereditary Elliptocytosis, mutation in genes encoding RBC membrane proteins (spectrin)

Question 44

What is this? What disease is this usually?

Answer 44

Macro-ovalocytes Megaloblastic anemia (hypersemented PMNs)

Question 45

What is this? What is this seen in?

Answer 45

Sideroblastic anemia, excess iron in mitochondria Seen inside bone marrow smear with special staining (Prussian blue) only!!!

Question 46

What is this? What 6 diseases does this show up in? (stop whining, you need to know all of them)

Answer 46

Schistocytes 1) Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias 2) DIC 3) TTP 4) HUS 5) HELLP Syndrome 6) Mechanical Hemolysis

Question 47

What is this? What disease is this?

Answer 47

Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell

Question 48

What is this? What 2 diseases does this show up in?

Answer 48

Spherocytes Hereditary Spherocytosis Drug and Infection induced Hemolytic anemia

Question 49

What is this? What 4 diseases does this show up with? HALT

Answer 49

Target Cells HbC Asplenia Liver Disease Thalassemia

Question 50

What is this? What is associated with? Name 3

Answer 50

Basophilic Stippling Sideroblastic Anemia (Lead poisoning) Myelodsyplastic syndromes Thalassemias

Question 51

Basophilic Stippling contains what vs Pappenheimer bodies?

Answer 51

Basophilic Stippling: no Fe, yes ribosomal precipitates Pappenheimer Bodies: Yes Fe, no ribosomal precipitates

Question 52

What is this? What disease is this with?

Answer 52

Heinz Bodies G6PD Deficiency

Question 53

When we have Heinz Bodies, what is contained in the phagocytes?

Answer 53

Fe and denatured Hemoglobin

Question 54

What is this? What disease/issue is this seen with?

Answer 54

Howell-Jolly Bodies Hyposplenia or asplenia LOOK OUT FOR BACTERIA!!!!!!!!!!

Question 55

What is this? Excess iron in mitochondria, courtesy of a Bone Marrow smear

Answer 55

Sideroblast with Pappenheimer Bodies Siderocytes containing Basophilic Granules, has Fe in it

Question 56

What is monoclonal expansion of plasma cells? May lead to multiple Myeloma? No hypercalcemia No Renal Issues No Anemia No Bone Lytic Lesions/Bone Pain

Answer 56

Monoclonal Gammaopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)

Question 57

What is M spike, hyperviscosity syndrome, blurred vision, Raynaud Phenomenon? No HyperCalcemia No Renal Involvement Anemia No bone Lytic Lesions

Answer 57

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia

Question 58

This is pseudo pelger huet anomaly, what is showen, when is this normally seen?

Answer 58

Bilobed "duet" Neutrophils commonly seen after chemotherapy

Question 59

Burkitt lymphoma can take on a pelvis form that is were?

Answer 59

Para-aortic nodes or illelal nodes

Question 60

Burkitt Lymphoma has t(8;14) what is the oncogene? What is the path finding?

Answer 60

C-myc with BCL6+ Starry Sky, high mitotic appearance, "tingible body" macrophages

Question 61

When there is a Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: What are the cell cycle alteration locations? What does it progress from?

Answer 61

BCL-2 and BCL-6 Follicular Lymphoma