Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Aaron-Exit: Championship Rounds > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha amanitin is what?

A

found in mushrooms, inhibits RNA polymerase II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Lyonization?

A

female carriers variably affected depending on the pattern of inactivation of the X chromosome carrying the mutant vs normal gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hashimoto Thyroiditis patients are at an increased risk of getting what?

A

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the path issue with Hurthle cells? How does the thyroid feel?

A

Hashimoto Thyroiditis Non tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A kid with a big tongue and an umbilical hernia, not to mention mental impairment is what?

A

Cretinism, hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain), usually caused by?

Is the thyroid painful?

A

Viral Infection

very tender thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Riedel Thyroiditis mimics what due to its rock hard fibrosis?

Is the thyroid painful?

A

anaplastic carcinoma, has an IgG4 related systemic disease

painless goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Papillary carcinoma, has what path buzz phrase?

What are the main causes?

A

empty appearing nuclei with central clearing (orphan annie eyes)

psammoma bodies (Tall cell variant, follicular hyperplasia lined by tall epithelial cells)

childhood irradiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Follicular Carcinoma is DDX from an adenoma based on what?

What is the genetic mutation?

A

invades thyroid capsule and vasculature

Pax-8, PPAR-gamma issues, RAS mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is in the medullary carcinoma path buzz phrase?

What does it produce?

A

amyloid –> congo red RET mutations in the MEN 2A and 2B remember amyloid is polygonal or spindle cell activation

produces calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is undifferentiated/anaplastic carcinoma path findings? What is the DDX?

What is the go to gene mutation?

A

spindle cell and Giant cell differentiation Reidel’s Thyroiditis

p53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What part of the kidney is particularly worrisome with Diabetes Melitus?

A

Renal efferent arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When we are undergoing DKA, what is one lab value to look at?

A

phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyroid and parafollicular cells, C cells make calcitonin, where are they derived from?

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Basophils are what hormones?

Acidophils are what hormones?

A

Basophils: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Acidophils: GH, and PRL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is hypothyroidism has granulomatous inflammation, mixed cellular infiltration with occasional multinucleated giant cells?

Painful or Non-painful?

A

Subactue Granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain)

Painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thyroid, histo of tall, crowded follicular epithelial cells; scalloped colloid?

A

Graves Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is focal patches of hyperfunctioning follicular cells distended with colloid working independently of TSH?

A

Toxic Multinodular Goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If I have cold nodules what do I have?

A

Carcinoma, adenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Endocrine

AD

Bad G(s) Subunit

Mother imprinting

Shortened 5th digit

High PTH, low Calcium

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Defective G-coupled Ca2+ sensing receptors in multiple tissues, higher than normal Ca, required to suppress PTH, mild hypercalcemia and hypocalciuria, elevated PTH

A

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Adrenal Cortex is from what embryological structure? Adrenal Medulla is from what embryological structure?

A

Adrenal Cortex: mesoderm

Medulla: neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the anterior pituitary gland derived from? Where is the posterior pituitary gland derived from?

A

Rathke Pouch: oral ectoderm –> anterior pituitary

Derived from the neuroectoderm –> posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What hormone does squamous cell carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma?

A

PTH-related peptide

27
Q

What is the path issue with Hurthle cells? How does the thyroid feel?

A

Hashimoto Thyroiditis Non tender

28
Q

Amiodarone can cause what?

A

hyperthyroidism

29
Q

Papillary carcinoma, has what path buzz phrase? What are the main causes?

A

empty appearing nuclei with central clearing (orphan annie eyes)

psammoma bodies childhood irradiation (Tall cell variant, follicular hyperplasia lined by tall epithelial cells

30
Q

Follicular Carcinoma is DDX from an adenoma based on what?

What is the gene mutation?

A

invades thyroid capsule and vasculature, RAS mutation

Pax-8, PPAR-gamma issues

31
Q

What is in the medullary carcinoma path buzz phrase?What does it produce?

A

amyloid –> congo red RET mutations in the MEN 2A and 2B remember amyloid is polygonal or spindle cell activation something calcitonin

34
Q

When we are undergoing DKA, what is one lab value to look at?

A

phosphate

35
Q

What thing is bad with Acanthosis Nigricans?

A

Insulin Resistance

36
Q

What amino acid is responsible for HbA1c glycation?

A

valine

37
Q

What test, though appealing, cannot tell the difference between an adenoma or cancer?

A

Fine Needle Aspiration

38
Q

Neuroblastoma stains positive for what two things?

A

NSE and Bombesin

39
Q

Wilms tumor vs Neuroblastoma both affect kids, which is which?

A

Wilms doesnt cross the midline

Neuroblastoma crosses the midline, has Homer Wright Rossetes

40
Q

Nelson syndrome is what?

A

Removal of the adrenal glands, and a pituitary adenoma forms due to a lack of negative feedback

41
Q

Small Cell Lung Cancer can secrete what hormone that can cause problems with urination or blood pressure?

A

ADH exogenous

42
Q

What is the whipple triad?

A

low blood glucose symptoms of hypoglycemia resolution of symptoms seen in insulinoma

43
Q

Basophils are what hormones?

Acidophils are what hormones?

A

Basophils: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Acidophils: GH, and PRL

44
Q

What drug is a synthetic analog of aldosterone that is used in primary adrenal insufficiency?

A

Fludrocortisone

45
Q

After a woman has a child, what is the histology of her thyroid?

A

lymphocytic infiltrate with occasional germinal center formation

Postpartum thyroiditis

46
Q

What is hypothyroidism has granulomatous inflammation, mixed cellular infiltration with occasional multinucleated giant cells?

Painful or Non-painful?

A

Subactue Granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain)

Painful

47
Q

What disease is the thyroid replaced by fibrous tissue with inflammaotry infiltrate, mimics anaplastic carcinoma?

A

Riedel Thyroiditis

48
Q

What is focal patches of hyperfunctioning follicular cells distended with colloid working independently of TSH?

A

Toxic Multinodular Goiter

49
Q

If I have cold nodules what do I have?

A

Carcinoma, adenoma

50
Q

Endocrine

AD

Bad G(s) Subunit

Mother imprinting

Shortened 5th digit

High PTH, low Calcium

What are both names?

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism or Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy

End Organ PTH resistance

51
Q

Endocrine

AD

Bad G(s) alpha unit

Dad imprinting

no shortened digit

Normal PTH/Normal Calcium

A

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, no PTH end organ resistance

52
Q

What is the ADH anatagonist that treats SIADH?

A

Demeclocycline

53
Q

What disease am I?

Pituitary Tumors (Prolactin and GH)

Pancreastic Endocriine Tumors (Z-E Syndrome, VIPomas)

Parathyroid Adeonomas

A

MEN1

54
Q

What disease am I? What is the gene mutation?

Parathyroid Hyperplasia

Medullary Thryoid Carcinoma (Increased Calcitonin)

Pheochromocytoma (secretes catecholamines)

A

MEN 2A

RET gene mutation, bad tyrosine kinase

55
Q

What is the the disease? What is the gene mutaiton?

Pheochromocytoma (secretes catecholamines)

Mucosal Neuromas (oral/intestinal ganglioneuromatosis)

Marfanoid Habitus

A

MEN 2B

RET gene, bad tyrosine kinase

56
Q

What is the GHRH analog?

A

Tesamorelin

57
Q

Autoimmune pancreatitis

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Non-infectious Aortitis

This triad is married to what endocrine (hypothyroid) issue?

A

Riedel Thyroiditis

58
Q

What is Follicle with lymphocytic infiltrate and germinal center formation?

A

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

59
Q

Mixed cellular infiltration with occasional multi-nucleated giant cells? (non-caseating granulomas, to some ppl)

A

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis

60
Q

What is lymphocytic infiltration of retroorbital space, activates T cells?

A

Graves Disease

61
Q

What is undifferentiated/anaplastic carcinoma histology?

A

Spindle cells and focal necrosis

62
Q

What is another name for ergocalciferol?

A

Vitamin D2

Aaron-Exit: Championship Rounds (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions