Aaron into to path 1A

Question 1

How do sarcomas spread?

Answer 1

Hematogenously

Question 2

How do carcinomas spread?

Answer 2

Lymphatics

Question 3

What are the four carcinomas that travel in the blood?

Answer 3

Renal Cell Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid, and choriocarcinoma

Question 4

When there is a stain that is positive for keratin, where did it come from?

Answer 4

Keratin, dealing with a carcinoma, marker of a cell with an epithelial origin

Question 5

When there is a stain that is positive for vimentin, where did it come from?

Answer 5

Mesenchyme, dealing with a sarcoma

Question 6

When there is a stain that is positive for Desmin, where did it come from?

Answer 6

Muscle

Question 7

When there is a stain that is positive for GFAP, where did it come from?

Answer 7

Neuroglia cells

Question 8

When there is a stain that is positive for neurofilament, what is staining for?

Answer 8

Neurons

Question 9

When there is a stain that is positive for chromogranin, what does it stain positive for?

Answer 9

Neuroendocrine Cells

Question 10

What is an important catalase positive organism that occurs with granuloma formation?

Answer 10

Pseudomonas Cepacia

Question 11

What is the key component of a granuloma?

Answer 11

Epitheloid histiocyte (macrophage, with abundant pink cytoplasm)

Question 12

What is the respective stain for TB?

Answer 12

Auramine-rhodamine stain

Question 13

If there is a triad of hypoparathyroid, adrenal, and candidia, what is the general issue/gene problem?

FYI: This issue is a gene issue that does not allow for negative selection to occur in thymic medulla

Answer 13

Central Tolerance in Thymus

AIRE mutation (autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome)

Question 14

What disease is associated with anti-U1 RNP?

Answer 14

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

Question 15

If a patient has an autoimmune disease, no tear production and no saliva production, what could we have?

Answer 15

Sjogren Syndrome

Question 16

Limited Scleroderma

When I have CREST syndrome –> limited scleroderma, what things are going to be increased?

Answer 16

increased endothelin, anti-centromere antibody

Question 17

Where are the stem cells of the small and large intestine located?

Answer 17

stem cells in the mucosal crypts

Question 18

What are the three things that show up in granulation tissue courtesy of tissue repair?

Answer 18

Fibroblasts (type III collagen) Capillaries (nutrients) Myofibroblasts (contract wound)

Question 19

TTP, is the result of what enzyme gone bad?

Answer 19

Adams 13, cannot cut up vWF multimers

Question 20

ITP, is an acute issue in kids, due to what?

Answer 20

viral illness

Question 21

Prostaglandin I2, made by the cells helps do what?

Answer 21

prevent platelet formation on the cell wall

Question 22

What is a unique cause of renal stenosis in a young female?

Answer 22

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Question 23

What layer of the vessel has become thicker during atherosclerosis?

Answer 23

Thickening of the intima

Question 24

Narrowing of the small _________ causes arteriosclerosis

Answer 24

arterioles

Question 25

Hyaline arteriosclerosis results due to what two things?

Answer 25

Benign Hypertension, Diabetes

Question 26

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis causes hyperplasia of the smooth muscle, what type of path appearance will that cause?

Answer 26

Onion Skin appearance --\> Malignant Hypertension

Question 27

What two conditions show fibrinoid necrosis?

Answer 27

Malignant Hypertension and Vasculitis

Question 28

When some gets endocarditis with underlying colorectal carcinoma, what is the bacteria of choice?

Answer 28

S. Bovis

Question 29

What is the one cardiomyopathy that is systolic?

Answer 29

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Question 30

CMV is what inclusions? Herpes is what inclusions?

Answer 30

Intranuclear and Intracytoplasmic --\> perinuclear halo Intranuclear inclusions

Question 31

Cryptospordium parvum and Giardia Lamblia are both resistant to what?

Answer 31

Chlorine

Question 32

Malaria have what in the liver?

Answer 32

hemozoin in liver

Question 33

RBC, gametocytes are common in what flavor of mosquito?

Answer 33

P. Falciform, sausage shape, can occlude capillaries

Question 34

P. olvae and vivax have what via micro form?

Answer 34

Schuffer Cells

Question 35

Oil red O stain is positive for what?

Answer 35

Large pulmonary embolus

Question 36

What is the marker for lymphangiomas?

Answer 36

D2-40

Question 37

Endothelial cells is what bacteria location?

Answer 37

Rickettsia

Question 38

E. Vermicularis and A. Lumborcoidies have what?

Answer 38

fecal oral transmission

Question 39

Tinea is what other name? What are the other visual signs?

Answer 39

Ringworm Hyphae and neutrophils Spaghetti and meatball appearance

Question 40

What is the sign for P. Ovale?

Answer 40

comets and Schuffer's Dots

Question 41

Transitional cell carcinoma?

Answer 41

B napthelin, smoking

Question 42

Angiosarcoma has three main causes?

Answer 42

Vinyl chloride, agent orange, thorotrust (powder)

Question 43

Schistosomiasis has what things with it?

Answer 43

Infections, stones, and indwelling catheter

Question 44

Big cause of Budd Chiari syndrome --\> clogging up a hepatic vein?

Answer 44

Polycythemia vera

Question 45

High levels of calcium and lysosomal enzymes in the cytosol of the cell are indicative of what?

Answer 45

Irreversible damage of the cell

Question 46

What flavor of mosquito has affected RBC but no Schnuffer dots?

Answer 46

P. Malariae

Question 47

What tumor, female, has Call-Exner bodies?

Answer 47

Granulosa Cell Malignant

Question 48

Yolk Sac Tumor has what bodies?

Answer 48

Schiller Duval Bodies malignant

Question 49

Benign tumor, traid of ovarian fibroma, ascites, and hydrothorax, is what?

Answer 49

Meigs syndrome

Question 50

What deficiency causes low RBC turnover?

Answer 50

Fe, B9, and B12 is low

Question 51

What deficiency causes high RBC turnover?

Answer 51

G6PD and Fe supplementation

Question 52

What does Lipoxin A4 and Lipoxin B4 turn off?

Answer 52

Inhibition of Inflammation