Aaron intro to Path 1B and Cardio Flashcards
Carcinomas tend to spread via lymph, what four want to spread via the blood?
Follicular Carcinoma Renal Cell Carcinoma Hepatcellular Carcinoma Choriocarcinoma
Blastomycosis can affect what type of people?
Immunocompetent
How does Coccidiodidomycosis stay alive?
Phagosome/Lysosome fusion prevention
When it comes to the fungi, what lives at 37 degrees? 25 degrees?
Yeast Mold
What virus has the Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells?
Measles pneumonia
What does EBV have, cell signaling?
overexpression of c-myc
What lovely disease appears from the PCT?
Renal Cell Carcinoma
If we have antibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3, and a positive Nikolsky sign, what am I?
Pemphigus Vulgaris
What disease is an antibody for BPAG2, contains eosinophils, has a ribbon candy IF pattern?
Bullous Pemphigoid
What disease is superficial damage, desmoglein 1?
Pemphigoid Foliaceus
If i have conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis, what disease might we be?
Reiter Syndrome, reactive arthritis
What is centriacinar associated with?
What is panacinar associated with?
Heavy smoking, just the edges
alpha -1 anti-trypsin disease, whole thing
Where do the benign cells of Renal Oncocytoma originate from?
Collecting ducts
What is bladder cancer, kidney stones, in urine?
What is acute cystitis, in urine?
Hematuria, no casts
Pyuria, no casts
What is fatty casts, associated with the “Maltese cross”?
Nephrotic Syndrome
What does Prostaglandin E2 do?
Temperature controlling mechanism
What has anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody) and anti-RNA polymerase III?
What has anti-centromere antibody?
Diffuse Scleroderma (GOT Dragon Queen, Sketchy Path)
Limited Scleroderma: CREST syndrome (GOT Hand Maiden, Sketchy Path)
Where does polymyositis attack?
Where does dermatomyositis attack?
Endomysial Inflammation
Perimysial inflammation
What are markers for Polymyositis or Dermatomyositis?
High CK, ANA, anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, and anti-Mi-2
What disease has a CGG repeat, bad FMR1 gene, hypermethylation?
Fragile X Syndrome
What is the Huntington’s Disease repeat?
What is the Myotonic Dystrophy repeat?
CAG (Caudate has low ACh and GABA)
CTG (Cataracts, Toupee, and Gonadal atrophy)
What is the Friedreich ataxia repeat?
Ataxic GAA
When the plasma membrane gets damaged what lab value goes up?
Creatine Kinase
What phase does an primary oocyte sit in waiting to ovulate? What phrase does a secondary oocyte sit waiting to be fertilization?
Prophase I Meiosis I
Metaphase II Meiosis II
What is hypotension, distended neck veins, and distant heart sounds?
Beck’s triad
What disease has Beck’s triad, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus, and electrical alternans?
Cardiac Tamponade
Pulsus paradoxus has a drop in amplitude of BP > 10 mmHg during inspiration in what diseases?
Name 5 diseases
Asthma, tamponade, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, croup
What is endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate?
Loffler Syndrome
Cushing reflex has a triad of what three things?
Why does this happen?
Hypertension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression
Increased ICP, terminal stage of brain injury, eventual herniation
What is an autosomal dominant disease with long QT syndrome, pure cardiac phenotype, and no deafness?
Romano-Ward Syndrome
Delayed K rectifer channel
What disease is autosomal recessive long QT syndrome, sensorineural deafness?
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome
Constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathies, right atrial, or ventricular tumors can be identified by what measured sign?
Kussmaul Sign, increase of JVP on inspiration instead of a normal drop in BP
What is the depression between the brain and the pericardium, embryo called? Why is that important?
What is the embryo section that is responsible for the mouth?
stomodeum precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
prechordal plate
What drug has a low clearance with verapmil, amiodarone, quinidine?
Digoxin
IL-10 is big for what? IL-5 is big for what?
regulatory T cells
IgA and Eosinophils
What embryonic structure makes the spleen?
mesoderm
Thyroid and parafollicular cells, C cells make calcitonin, where are they derived from?
endoderm
What step does aminocaproic acid inhibit?
Plasminogen to Plasmin
Anti-fibrinolytic
Immune Dysfunction
low platlets
Eczema
what is this triad?
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Aortic Stenosis
GI bleeding
Overactive ADAM13
fixed with A.S. surgery, what is this?
Heyde Syndrome, stenotic valve casues uncoiling of vWF, via stenotic valve
This was in a B and Beyond video
What can reverse dabigatran?
Idarucizumab
What are the two big things for buffering an acidic solution?
Phosphate and Ammonium
Beta blockers
Selective
Non selective
Where in the alphabet do things line up?
Selective: A-N
Non selective: M-Z
What two beta blockers are alpha and beta antagonists?
Labetalol and Carvedilol
What big things are Metoprolol and Esmolol used for?
decrease AV conduction velocity
What beta blocker decreases aqueous humor production?
What decreases hepatic venous pressure gradient and portal hypertension?
Timolol
Nadolol and Propranolol
What is a nonabsorbable phosphate binder that prevents phosphate absoprtion from the GI tract?
Sevelamer
What is an active form of vitamin D that treats hypocalcemia?
Calcitrol
What inhibits the late phase of sodium current reducing diastolic wall tension and oxygen consumption?
Ranolazine
What is a selective PDE-3 inhibitor, for heart failure?
Milrinone
What drug blocks neprilysin a metaloprotease that breaks down naturiuretic peptides?
Sacubitril
Hereditary Hemorrhagic telangiectasia is also known as what?
What are a few symptoms?
Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome
Skin and Mucous membranes, recurrent epistaxis, blanching
Arteriosclerosis is what size arteries?
Atherosclerosis is what size arteries?
small/medium
large/medium
Cardiac tamponade, what equals out across the board?
Diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers
