Aaron intro to Path 1B and Cardio

Question 1

Carcinomas tend to spread via lymph, what four want to spread via the blood?

Answer 1

Follicular Carcinoma Renal Cell Carcinoma Hepatcellular Carcinoma Choriocarcinoma

Question 2

Blastomycosis can affect what type of people?

Answer 2

Immunocompetent

Question 3

How does Coccidiodidomycosis stay alive?

Answer 3

Phagosome/Lysosome fusion prevention

Question 4

When it comes to the fungi, what lives at 37 degrees? 25 degrees?

Answer 4

Yeast Mold

Question 5

What virus has the Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells?

Answer 5

Measles pneumonia

Question 6

What does EBV have, cell signaling?

Answer 6

overexpression of c-myc

Question 7

What lovely disease appears from the PCT?

Answer 7

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 8

If we have antibodies against desmoglein 1 and 3, and a positive Nikolsky sign, what am I?

Answer 8

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Question 9

What disease is an antibody for BPAG2, contains eosinophils, has a ribbon candy IF pattern?

Answer 9

Bullous Pemphigoid

Question 10

What disease is superficial damage, desmoglein 1?

Answer 10

Pemphigoid Foliaceus

Question 11

If i have conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis, what disease might we be?

Answer 11

Reiter Syndrome, reactive arthritis

Question 12

What is centriacinar associated with?

What is panacinar associated with?

Answer 12

Heavy smoking, just the edges

alpha -1 anti-trypsin disease, whole thing

Question 13

Where do the benign cells of Renal Oncocytoma originate from?

Answer 13

Collecting ducts

Question 14

What is bladder cancer, kidney stones, in urine?

What is acute cystitis, in urine?

Answer 14

Hematuria, no casts

Pyuria, no casts

Question 15

What is fatty casts, associated with the “Maltese cross”?

Answer 15

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 16

What does Prostaglandin E2 do?

Answer 16

Temperature controlling mechanism

Question 17

What has anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I antibody) and anti-RNA polymerase III?

What has anti-centromere antibody?

Answer 17

Diffuse Scleroderma (GOT Dragon Queen, Sketchy Path)

Limited Scleroderma: CREST syndrome (GOT Hand Maiden, Sketchy Path)

Question 18

Where does polymyositis attack?

Where does dermatomyositis attack?

Answer 18

Endomysial Inflammation

Perimysial inflammation

Question 19

What are markers for Polymyositis or Dermatomyositis?

Answer 19

High CK, ANA, anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, and anti-Mi-2

Question 20

What disease has a CGG repeat, bad FMR1 gene, hypermethylation?

Answer 20

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 21

What is the Huntington’s Disease repeat?

What is the Myotonic Dystrophy repeat?

Answer 21

CAG (Caudate has low ACh and GABA)

CTG (Cataracts, Toupee, and Gonadal atrophy)

Question 22

What is the Friedreich ataxia repeat?

Answer 22

Ataxic GAA

Question 23

When the plasma membrane gets damaged what lab value goes up?

Answer 23

Creatine Kinase

Question 24

What phase does an primary oocyte sit in waiting to ovulate? What phrase does a secondary oocyte sit waiting to be fertilization?

Answer 24

Prophase I Meiosis I

Metaphase II Meiosis II

Question 25

What is hypotension, distended neck veins, and distant heart sounds?

Answer 25

Beck's triad

Question 26

What disease has Beck's triad, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus, and electrical alternans?

Answer 26

Cardiac Tamponade

Question 27

Pulsus paradoxus has a drop in amplitude of BP \> 10 mmHg during inspiration in what diseases? Name 5 diseases

Answer 27

Asthma, tamponade, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, croup

Question 28

What is endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate?

Answer 28

Loffler Syndrome

Question 29

Cushing reflex has a triad of what three things? Why does this happen?

Answer 29

Hypertension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression Increased ICP, terminal stage of brain injury, eventual herniation

Question 30

What is an autosomal dominant disease with long QT syndrome, pure cardiac phenotype, and no deafness?

Answer 30

Romano-Ward Syndrome Delayed K rectifer channel

Question 31

What disease is autosomal recessive long QT syndrome, sensorineural deafness?

Answer 31

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome

Question 32

Constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathies, right atrial, or ventricular tumors can be identified by what measured sign?

Answer 32

Kussmaul Sign, increase of JVP on inspiration instead of a normal drop in BP

Question 33

What is the depression between the brain and the pericardium, embryo called? Why is that important? What is the embryo section that is responsible for the mouth?

Answer 33

stomodeum precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland prechordal plate

Question 34

What drug has a low clearance with verapmil, amiodarone, quinidine?

Answer 34

Digoxin

Question 35

IL-10 is big for what? IL-5 is big for what?

Answer 35

regulatory T cells IgA and Eosinophils

Question 36

What embryonic structure makes the spleen?

Answer 36

mesoderm

Question 37

Thyroid and parafollicular cells, C cells make calcitonin, where are they derived from?

Answer 37

endoderm

Question 38

What step does aminocaproic acid inhibit?

Answer 38

Plasminogen to Plasmin Anti-fibrinolytic

Question 39

Immune Dysfunction low platlets Eczema what is this triad?

Answer 39

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Question 40

Aortic Stenosis GI bleeding Overactive ADAM13 fixed with A.S. surgery, what is this?

Answer 40

Heyde Syndrome, stenotic valve casues uncoiling of vWF, via stenotic valve This was in a B and Beyond video

Question 41

What can reverse dabigatran?

Answer 41

Idarucizumab

Question 42

What are the two big things for buffering an acidic solution?

Answer 42

Phosphate and Ammonium

Question 43

Beta blockers Selective Non selective Where in the alphabet do things line up?

Answer 43

Selective: A-N Non selective: M-Z

Question 44

What two beta blockers are alpha and beta antagonists?

Answer 44

Labetalol and Carvedilol

Question 45

What big things are Metoprolol and Esmolol used for?

Answer 45

decrease AV conduction velocity

Question 46

What beta blocker decreases aqueous humor production? What decreases hepatic venous pressure gradient and portal hypertension?

Answer 46

Timolol Nadolol and Propranolol

Question 47

What is a nonabsorbable phosphate binder that prevents phosphate absoprtion from the GI tract?

Answer 47

Sevelamer

Question 48

What is an active form of vitamin D that treats hypocalcemia?

Answer 48

Calcitrol

Question 49

What inhibits the late phase of sodium current reducing diastolic wall tension and oxygen consumption?

Answer 49

Ranolazine

Question 50

What is a selective PDE-3 inhibitor, for heart failure?

Answer 50

Milrinone

Question 51

What drug blocks neprilysin a metaloprotease that breaks down naturiuretic peptides?

Answer 51

Sacubitril

Question 52

Hereditary Hemorrhagic telangiectasia is also known as what? What are a few symptoms?

Answer 52

Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome Skin and Mucous membranes, recurrent epistaxis, blanching

Question 53

Arteriosclerosis is what size arteries? Atherosclerosis is what size arteries?

Answer 53

small/medium large/medium

Question 54

Cardiac tamponade, what equals out across the board?

Answer 54

Diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers