hematologic sys - alterations of leukocyte function Flashcards
what does leukocytosis mean?
higher number of leukocytes
what does leukopenia mean?
lower number of leukocytes
what is leukocytosis a normal response of?
normal response to stress
is leukopenia normal? what are some of its causes? what is there a risk for as the number of cells gets lower?
- leukopenia is never normal
- radiation, anaphylactic shock, immune diseases
- infection
what is granulocytosis? what is it evident in?
- Granulocytosis/Neutrophilia increase in granulocytes (neutrophils, eosionphils, basophils)
- first stages of an infection or inflammation
what is neutropenia?
Decrease in circulating neutrophils
what causes neutropenia?
Causes:
Prolonged severe infection and granulocytes can’t keep up production
Decreased production
Reduced survival
Abnormal neutrophil distribution
what is neutropenia seen in?
Leukemias, lymphoma
Also folate deficiency and B12 deficiency anemia, starvation and anorexia—all related to decreased nutrients for protein production.
what is the definition of Granulocytopenia /Agranulocytosis?
Definition: Severe neutropenia/no granulocytes
what causes Granulocytopenia /Agranulocytosis?
Causes:
Interference with hematopoiesis in bone marrow
Massive cell destruction in the circulation (can be from chemotherapy or radiation
what are the symptoms of Granulocytopenia /Agranulocytosis?
Symptoms: severe infection, malaise, ulcers in mouth and colon, fever, tachycardia
what is eosinophilia?
Increase in number of eosinophils
what causes eossinophilia?
Type I Hypersensitivity reactions trigger the release of eosinophilic chemotactic factors to the mast cell
what is eosinophilia seen in?
Type I Hypersensitivity reactions trigger the release of eosinophilic chemotactic factors to the mast cell
what is eosinopenia?
Decrease in circulation numbers of eosinophils
what causes eosinopenia?
Usually caused by migration of cells to inflammatory sites
Other causes—usually things that put body under stress
what is basophilia? how common is it?
- increase in number of basophils
- it is rare
what causes basophilia?
Response to inflammation and hypersensitivity reactions as well as CML
what is basopenia?
decrease in number of basophils
what does basopenia occur with?
Occurs in acute infections, hyperthyroidism, and long-term steroid therapy
