CV patho - diseases of the arteries Flashcards
what is arteriosclerosis? what’s happening smooth muscle cells and the collagen fibers here?
- it is an abnormal thickening of the vessel wall
- the smooth muscles cells and collagen fibers are migrating to the tunica intima
what is atherosclerosis a form of? what is it?
- form of arteriosclerosis
- it is thickening and hardening of the vessel wall caused by plaque accumulation
what is atherosclerosis the leading cause of?
- PAD, CAD and CVD
what does atherosclerosis lead to?
- inadequate perfusion, ischemia, necrosi
what is the progression of atherosclerosis?
Inflammation of endothelium
Cell proliferation
Macrophage migration
LDL oxidation
Fatty streak
Fibrous plaque
Complex plaque
what is CAD caused by? what is it the primary cause of?
- caused by atherosclerosis
- most common cause of heart disease
what occurs in CAD?
- blood supply to the myocardium is diminished
- can become so severe that it can lead to myocardial ischemia
when does myocardial ischemia develop? what is it usually a cause of? what does the increase in plaque size do?
- develops when there insufficient blood supply to the myocardium
- usually caused by atherosclerosis in CAD
- the increased plaque size can occlude the vessel lumina and cause ischemia during exertion
within what time frame can myocardial cells become ischemic? how long can heart cells stays viable like this? what happens if perfusion is not restored?
- heart cells can become ischemic within 10 seconds of occlusion
- heart cells can stay viable like this for 20 minutes
- if perfusion is not restored it leads to MI
what are acute coronary syndromes? what are two disease manifestations of acute coronary syndromes?
- sudden coronary obstructions that are caused by thrombus formation
- unstable angina and myocardial infarction
what is unstable angina?
- reversible form of acute coronary syndrome that can mean impending infarction
what causes unstable angina? how long does the thrombus occlude bloodflow? does rest resolve symptoms ?
- plaque begins to rupture
- no more than 10 to 20 minutes
- no
when does MI occur?
- when prolonged ischemia leads to irreversible damage of cardiac tissue
what can sudden cardiac arrest be due to?
ischemia, left ventricular dysfunction or electrical impulse instability
what are dysrhythmias?
disturbance of the heart rhythm