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Medicine - Year 1 > Healthy and unhealthy communities - Occupational Health > Flashcards

Healthy and unhealthy communities - Occupational Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is occupational health?

A

The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social wellbeing of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs

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2
Q

Who does occupational health?

A
  • Occupational medicine - doctors
  • Occupational health advisors - nurses
  • Occupation hygienists
  • Occupational psychologists
  • Occupational physiotherapists
  • Some occupational therapists
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3
Q

Where is occupational health done?

A
  • NHS
  • Armed forces
  • Public sector
  • Private sector
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4
Q

List the hierarchy of controls from most effective to least effective

A
  1. Elimination - physcially remove the hazard
  2. Substitution - replace the hazard
  3. Engineering controls - isolate people from the hazard
  4. Administrative controls - changing the way people work
  5. PPE - prtotect the worker with PPE
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5
Q

List the relevant legislations related to occupational health

A
  1. Health and saftey at work etc act (1974)
  2. Management of healt and saftey at work regs (19990
  3. Control of subtsances hazardous to health (COSHH) (2002)
  4. Report of injuries,diseases and dangerous occurrences at work (RIDDOR)
  5. Other legistlations and regulations
  • Manual handling of loads
  • Personal protective equipment at work
  • Lead/Asbetsos/Vibration/Noise
  • Equality act (2010)
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6
Q

a) List the type of occupational ill-health
b) Which type affects healthcare workers the most?

A

a)

  • Respiratory
  • Skin
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Mental
  • Audiological
  • Other

b) Mental

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7
Q

What are the two most common causes of accidental death at work?

A
  1. Falls from height
  2. Contacts with moving machinery
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8
Q

Describe how the rate of fatal injury has changed from 1981 to 2013/14 too 2018/19

A

Long term donward trend from 1981 to 2013/14 and plataued from 2013/14 to 2018/19

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9
Q

Describe how non-fatal injuries reported has changed from 2000/01 to 2018/19

A

Non-fatal reported injuries has decreased

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10
Q

Define “stress”?

A

Stress is the advserse reaction people have to excessive pressure or other types of demand placed on them (not a medical diagnosis)

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11
Q

List the top 10 stressful positions

A
  1. Prison officer
  2. Police
  3. Social worker
  4. Teaching
  5. Ambulance cervice
  6. Nursing
  7. Medicine
  8. Fire fighting
  9. Dentistry
  10. Mining
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12
Q

a) What is the most common muskuloskeletal disorder (MSD) in employees in the UK?
b) How many estimated days did each person suffering an MSD caused or made worse by their current/past work take off?

A

a) Back problems
b) 14 days

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13
Q

What skin problem was aused or made worse by work occupation the most?

A

Contact dermatitis

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14
Q

a) What are the three main types of contact dermatitis caused or made worse by work occupation? Provide examples for how they’re caused as well
b) Which type of work had the most frquently reported agents for cases of work-related contact dermatitis

A

a)

  1. Irritant contact dermatitis e.g., frequent hand washing
  2. Allergic contact dermatitis: delayed hypersensitivity e.g., accelerants used in glove manufacture
  3. Allergic contact dermatitis: immediate hypersensitivity e.g., pure latex allergy

b) Wet work

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15
Q

List the repiratory diseases that can be caused or made worse by work occupation

A
  • Occupational asthma
  • COPD
  • Asbestos related
  • Silicosis
  • Pneumoconiosis
  • Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (EAA)
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16
Q

At what decibal must employers provide hearing protection?

A

85 decibles

17
Q

What should employers do if the noise level is 80 decibels and above?

A

Employers must assess risk to worker’s health and provide information and training

18
Q

a) Which workers do infectious diseases effect?
b) What are the most common potential infections?

A

a) Health care workes
b) Diarrhoeal diseases

Blood borne viruses (BBV) e.g., Hep B, C and HIV

19
Q

Except from infections diseases common in healthcare workers describe the other potential diseases workers can get

A
  • Legionella (can cause a serious type of pneumonia)
  • Zoonoses (farmers)
  • Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (abattoir workers)
20
Q

Describe the common RIDDOR reportable diseases and how they can occur

A
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome - regular use of percussive or vibrating tools
  • Tendonitis/tenosynovitis - in the hand/forearm, where the person’s work is physically demanding and involves frequent, repetitive movements (e.g., certain laboratory workers)
  • Hand arm vibration syndrome - vascular and neurological components
21
Q

What sources of information can you can seek occupational health from?

A
  • Faculty of occupational medicine
  • The @ work partnership
  • British Occupational Health Research Foundation (BOHRF)
  • Healthy and safety executive (HSE)
22
Q

Describe the health benefits of work

A
  • Work is (generally) good for health and wellbeing including for people with health condition
  • It can promote good mental and physical health
  • Provide important social networks and routines
  • Contribute to recovery from health conditions
23
Q

Describe how unemployment puts health at risk

A
  • Causes more illness and premature death
  • Health effects linked to psychological consequences and financial problems
  • Health effects start when people first feel their jobs are threatened
  • Prolonged job insecurity acts as a chronic stressor - effects grow with length of exposure
24
Q

Describe how unemployment and poor health impact on each other

A
  • Unemployment contributes to ill health and having a health condition increases the likelihood of unemployment
  • Increasing length of time unemployed = the greater the risk of developing a health condition
  • This increase difficulties in returning to employment
25
Q

Describe the health effects of worklessness

A
  • Both short- and long-term elevated health risks
  • Loss of fitness
  • Increased rates of limiting long-term illness, mental illness, and cardiovascular disease
  • Increase in overall mortality, and in particular with suicide (depression increased by 2-3 times)
26
Q

What are the three core ways in which unemployment affects level of morbidity and mortality?

A
  • Financial problems
  • Distress, anxiety and depression
  • Impacts on health behaviours (e.g.,smoking and alcohol consumption, decreased physical excercise and obesity rates, sexual risk taking)
27
Q

a) How many of those return to work after 6 months off?
b) How many return to work after a year off?

A

a) 50%
b) 5%

28
Q

Why do people go to work when ill?

A
  • High job demands
  • Stress
  • Job insecurity
29
Q

What are the top 3 reasons why people take sick absences?

A
  1. Mental health conditions e.g., depression and anxiety
  2. MSK issue e.g., whiplash and LBP
  3. Stress
30
Q

What causes more stress at work?

A
  • Effort-imbalance model
  • Working hard without appreciation or rewards
  • Stigma effects ability to come forward early
  • Fear of what colleagues will think
31
Q

What are some contributing factors of stress at work

A
  • Eating on the run, or in a disorganzied manner
  • Smoking, or drinking excessicely
  • Rushing, hurrying, being available to everyone
  • Doing several jobs at once
  • Missing breaks, taking work home with you
  • Having no time for excercise and relaxation
32
Q

Describe the GMC guidance on protecting patients and collagues from any risk posed by your health

A
  • If your jugemement or performance could be affected by a condtion or its treatment you must consult a suitable qualified colleague
  • You should be registered with a general practitioner outside your family
33
Q

What can doctors fill out for patients who may not be fit to work

A

Access to work form

34
Q
A

Medicine - Year 1 (61 decks)

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