Gender, family and culture - Public health Flashcards
Describe how the health need sof LGBT people differ from the general population
- Inceased prevalence of mental health in LGB compared to heterosexual including suicide, depression, anxiety, alcohol dependance and drug depepndance
- LGB have more episodes of therpay and greater no. sessions than non-LGB
- LGB seek councelling/therapy more than non-LGB
- Lesbian women at increased risk of overweight/ obesity
- Gay men at decreased risk of underweight
Trans men may well have intact cervix (as not undergone hysterectomy). Describe the role of cervical screening in transmen
- Trans men have been found to attend screening far less often than cis women
- Low access can lead to increased risk of contracting cervicle cancer
Why are LGBT community more vulnerable to health disparities?
- Attitudes of healthcare professionals
- Fear of disclosure
- Prejudice/rejection - family, friends, employers
- Lifestyles - pub/club as unque safe space - due to social exclusion - yet these are centreded around alcohol/drugs
- Attitudes of society - intolerence, disapproval, discrimination, actual homo/transphobia
Describe how we can reduce the health disparities faced by the LGBT community
- Development of LGBT friendly services
- Interventions to address discrimination, increase resilience and reduce impact on LGBT
- Draw on LGBT people’s own experiences
- More training embeddded in mainstream medical traiing- increases contact with LGBT patients and specific teachng on LGBT health improves student knowledgeof engagement with and attitudes
- Increase evidence based studies
Describe how doctors can make LGBTQ people comfortable in consultations
- Use inclusive, gender-neutral language e.g., partner
- Use of pronouns - importance of right to self-identify so ask which pronouns to use
- Avoid assumptions
- Avoid using identity or labelling terms
- Mirror the patient’s language
- Gender identity - ask all patients about gender identity concerns
Name the 3 broad caterogires that causes of disease and death can be grouped into
- Infectious diseases
- Non-communicable diseases (NCD)
- Injuries and other
a) Describe what traditional risks are associated with and provide examples
b) Describe what modern risks are associated with and provide examples
a) Risks associated with poverty and mainly associated with infectious diseases e.g., undernutrition, unsafe sex, unsafe water, poor sanitation and hygiene, indorr somke from solid fules
b) risks asosciated with lifestyle and non-communicable diseases e.g., smoking, alcohol, poor diet, physical inactivity
The world is amid an “epidemiological transition”. What does this mean?
As countries increase their level of development, early death and disbaility from infectious diseases are declining and life expectancies are rising
What are the causes of the “epidemiologial transition”
- Improvements in medical care
- Public health interventions such as vaccination and the provision of clean water and sanitation
- The ageing of the population because non-communicable diseases affect older adults at higher rates
What is “The inverse law”
The inverse care law is the principle that the availability of good medical or social care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population (so those who needs the most care do not have access to good medical or social care)
What does unievrsal heallth coverage mean (UHC)?
UHC means that all people and communities can use promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of suffiecient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship
List the general barriers to healthcare amongst the BAME population
- Racism and discrimination
- Language and translation
- Lack of cultural competency
- Immigration policies
- Research
- Lack of understandng to navigate the healthcare system
- Stigma
- Isolation
- Not having responses taken seriously enough
