Clinical skills - First aid Flashcards
What are the objective 3 P’s when it comes to first aid?
- Preserve life
- Prevent further harm
- Promote recovery
What are the priorities of first aid, in order?
- First on the scene
- Assess the situation
- Make the area safe
- Do not put yourself at risk
- Reassure and comfort
- Assess the injured
- Treat most serious condition first
- Seek help, call an ambulance
Describe the SSSABC assessment
S = Safety, personnel (hazards, correct PPE if required)
S = Stimulate
S = Shout for help
A = AIRWAY Assess airway or obstruction
B = BREATHING feel for breathing
C = Circulation
Start CPR if no signs of life and call 999
a) Describe the procedure of Airways in ‘ABC’
b) Describe the procedure of Breathing in ‘ABC’
c) a) Describe the procedure of Circulation in ‘ABC’
a) Airways
- Bear in mind cervical spine injury
- Clear airway by removing dentures, any food, or debris in the mouth.
- Pull chin forward to stop tongue falling back and obstructing airway
b) Breathing
- If necessary, ventilate.
- May need to perform mouth to mouth breathing or formal ventilation with insertion of an airway and ventilating
c) – Circulation
* Seek out sources of bleeding and stop bleeding by direct pressure or by applying tourniquet if limbs bleeding
a) What do you do first when someone is unconcious?
b) What do you do next when there’s no response?
a)
- Safety stimulate
- Ask them if they are alright
- Ask them to open their eyes
b)
- Call help
- Open their airways
- Place one hand on the patient’s forhead and gently tilt their head back
- If spinal injury is suspected do not extend neck but lift jaw forwards called jaw thrust
How do you check if a person is still breathing?
- Look to see if their chest is rising/falling
- Listen over their mouth & nose for breathing sounds
- Feel their breath against your cheek for 10 seconds
Describe the process of CPR
- Place the heel of hand on the centre of the breastbone. Place your other hand on top and interlock your fingers
- Position yourself w/ your shoulders above your hands
- Use body weight to push down by 5-6 cm on their chest
- Keeping your hands on the chest, release the compression and allow the chest to return to original position
- Repeat these compressions at a rate of 100 – 120 times per min until an ambulance arrives
How do you perform CPR if you are trained?
- After every 30 chest compressions, give two breaths
- Tilt the casualty’s head gently and lift the chin up w/ two fingers. Pinch the person’s nose. Seal your mouth over theirs and blow steadily and firmly for one second. Check their chest rises, give two breaths
- Continue with cycles of two breaths until they begin to recover, or emergency help arrives
Describe the use of AED defibrillators
- A device that gives higher energy shock
- Widely available everywhere
- Fully automatic
- No training required
- Switch it on and follow simple instructions
Describe the recovery position you put someone in if you find them breathing
- Place nearest arm at right angle.
- Put the back of other hand next to the cheek closest to you and hold it there.
- Bend the far knee, grasp the far leg and roll them onto their side.
a) How do you confirm a patient is in cardiac arrest?
b) What do you do if cardiac arrest is confirmed?
a)
- Patient response
- Open airway
- Check for normal breathing – caution gasping breathing
- Check circulation
- Monitoring
b)
- Call resuscitation team
- Attach defibrillatot/monitor
- Minimise interruptions
What do you do when a patient is found conscious
- Comfort and reassure casualty
- Neck immobilisation
- Maintaining airway
- Maintain neck immobilisation
Describe child resuscitation
- Try to get a response by asking or gently tapping
- If no response, tilt head back and lift chin to open airway. Listen for any breathing
- Clear airway removes any obstruction, dentures, tongue. Give 5 rescue breaths
- Start CPR 30 chest compressions using one hand for childen and two figers for infants
- Gwo breaths until signs of recovery with coughing, speaking, or moving purposefully
What are the signs that someone is bleeding?
- Pale and cold and clammy skin
- Thready and weak pulse, feel carotid and femoral pulses
- Rapid and shallow breathing
- Confusion, irritable combative
- Altered consciousness
- Bleeding source
- History of assault, injury
What do you do when someone is bleeding, in order?
- Assess the situation
- Make the area safe and do not put yourself at risk
- Reassure and comfort
- Assess the injured
- Treat the most serious injury first
- Seek help, call an ambulance
- Apply direct pressure and maintain pressure
- Apply tourniquet (tight bands used to completely stop the blood flow to a wound) on extremity
- Leave offending weapon in situ such as a knife or a pane of glass
What do you do when someone is choking?
- Clear mouth, food, dentures
- Hit them firmly on their back between the shoulder blades 5 times
- Perform the Heimlich manoeuvre, give a sharp squeeze 5 times
- Call 999
