Health Promotion and Health Inequalities Flashcards
What does being healthy mean?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
being free of disease
the state of optimum capacity of an individual for the effective performance of the roles and tasks for which s(he) has been socialised”
What is health promotion?
can be defined as any combination of educational and environmental supports for actions and conditions of living conducive to health
process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health
- is a positive concept
What is health education?
any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary actions conducive to health
How are health promotion, health education and healthy public policy connected?
health promotion = health education × healthy public policy
health promotion depends on education the public and the public policy supporting the promotion
What is the main aim of health promotion?
main aim of HP is to create a supportive environment to enable the people to lead healthy lives. Healthy choices are thereby made possible and easier for citizens
What are the different approach to health promotion?
medical or preventative behaviour change educational empowerment social change
What is the medical/preventative approach to health promotion?
involves medical intervention to prevent or ameliorate (improve) ill-health
values preventive medical procedures and the medical profession’s responsibility is to ensure that patients comply with recommended procedures
What is the behaviour change approach to health promotion? What is an example?
aim is to change people’s individual attitudes and behaviour so that they adopt a healthy lifestyle
teaching people how to stop smoking, encouraging people to exercise
What is the educational approach to health promotion?
aim is to give information and ensure knowledge and understanding of health issues and to enable well-informed decisions to be made
- information about health is presented and people are helped to explore their values and attitudes and make their own decisions
will value the educational process and respect the right of the individual to choose their own health behaviour
What is the empowerment approach to health promotion?
aim is to work with clients to help them to identify what they want to know about, take action on and make their own decisions and choices according to their own interest and values
health promoter’s role is to act as a facilitator in helping people to identify their own concerns and gain the knowledge and skills they require to make things happen
clients are valued as equal who have knowledge, skills and abilities to contribute, and who have an absolute right to control their own health destinies
What is the societal change approach to health promotion?
aim is to effect changes on the physical, social and economic environment, in order to make it more conducive to good health
focus is on changing society not on changing the behaviour of individuals
What is health inequality? How do they arise?
unjust gaps in health outcomes between individuals or groups
- arise from differences in social and economic conditions
What is the difference between disease and illness?
disease
- pathological/biological conditions
illness
- individual’s response to symptoms
What is the theory of Mcdonaldisation of Pharmacy?
has 5 dominant themes
- efficiency = means to reach a specific goal/end rapidly with the least amount of cost or effort
- calculability = tendency to emphasise quantity over quality
- predictability = structured our environment so that surprises do not takeover on our sensibilities
- increased control = maximise profits
- replacement of human by non-human technology
What is the effect of the Mcdonaldisation of Pharmacy?
deskilling of pharmacist
- less time for individualisation
- patients are treated like a number
