Handout 6 Flashcards
what is the most important mechanism of how bacteria become antibiotic resistant?
passing R plasmids
other mechanisms include biofilm formation, phage genes for resistance, mutation, enzymes to modify the bugs, and metabolic pathways changes
where were antibiotics first isolated from?
bacteria and fungi
why are semi synthetic antibiotics useful?
they help increase the spectrum and decrease the breakdown.
______ agents can be used internally to prevent infections. Example is antibiotics
chemotherapeutic agents
___ determines which drug will stop bacterial growth at the LOWEST concentration?
MIC
minimum inhibitory concentraiton
kirby baurer?
test drug susceptibility using agar diffusion
best guess ?
empirical- based on your evidence
what you would use as a dentist likely
antibiotic selected based on sensitivity
it’s the rational antibiotic therapy. Uses rational approach!
kill the microbe but doesn’t harm host?
selective toxicity
what inhibitor stops the peptidoglycan linkage by inhibiting transpeptidases?
beta lactam
what are the examples of Beta Lactam cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
-penicillins
-Cephalosporins
Beta-lactaMASE inhibitors (calvulanic acid)
-Carbapenems- imipendum, meropenem
Monobactams- AZtreonam, narrow spectrum and gram -. not widely used
what are the examples of the non beta lactic?
ISONiazid
Vancomyacin
bacitracin
Cycoserine
what part of the bacteria does the non beta lactic inhibit?
also cell wall synthesis like the beta lactam
what could you use if the bacteria have Beta-lactamase?
vancomycin
what attacks the cell wall of mycobacteria? two exmaples
you could use “isoniazid”
or cycloserine which is the second line against tuberculosis
*you could use nucleic acid synthesis “rifamycin”
what could you use on the skin that is effective against many gram positive organisms?
bacitracin
“Tracy” gram +
freckle skin
second line against mycobacterium tuberculosis (drug resistant) technically an oxazolidone because it inhibits protein synthesis?
cycloserine
**protein syntesis and ribo 30)
what are the 4 examples of non beta lactams?
Vancomyocin
bacitracin
cycloserine
isonazid
example of cell membrane that attacks lipopeptides?
daptomycin.
“DAP” the lipids with lip.
gram + only. drug resistant staph, strep, enterococci
what are the topical only that have a detergent action? for eye and skin infections?
POLYmycins!
Poly and her “topical drinks” the more she drinks the less she can “see” and her skin looks really cray
what are the nucleic acid sythensis inhibitors? they are narrow spectrum and inhibit DNA gyros/topioismerisa?
QUinolones!
“Quin goes to the club to look at some fine DNA”
he inhabits the gyrase action though and he is narrow minded.
nalidixic acid. “dix”
what are the broad spectrum modified quinines? ciproflaxin and damage growing bone?
At the club, QUIN modifies his game by giving FLOWES while he is “cipin” on his juice!
again for nucleic acid sytnehsis
what is a hepatoticn used for mycobacterium tuberculosis?
rifamycin
“doc was into rif raf and had TB”
what do ahminoglycosides inhibit?
translation.
they’re “mean” and bind to the ribosomes. They’re the “MYSIN”- mycin. HIS sin because he ismean and binds to ribosomes.
ototocic and nephrotoxic
