Handout 1

Question 1

a ______ is a subset of a species that has a unique identifiable feature

Answer 1

strain

remember to put in the order of “genus species” in italics

Question 2

size of bacterial cells?

Answer 2

small, range from .5-3 microns

Question 3

size of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

greater than 5 microns

5-20

Question 4

size of viruses?

Answer 4

so tiny! 5-300 nm

Question 5

An ______ disease is a disease acquired from organisms in or on the body

Answer 5

endogenous

Question 6

A. Gram staining differentiates between cells based on cell _____ structure

Answer 6

wall structure

Question 7

what color do gram positive stain? gram negative?

Answer 7

remember, that gram positive is purple!

More “pep” in barney because he is positive. Gram negative has a thinner wall. like the positive purple dinosaur

Question 8

what kind of acids do we find in the cell wall of gram positive bacteria?

Answer 8

techoic acids.

remember, again gram + = pep with techoic acids

Question 9

LPS - lipoglycans an endotoxin are found in the outer membrane of gram ___ bacteria?

Answer 9

LPS! large molecules

Question 10

____ includes capsules and slime layer. it’s composed of polysaccharides?

Answer 10

glycocalyx

the role is for virulence

Question 11

fimbrae vs. pili?

Answer 11

timbre are the sticking bristles

pili is the tube to transfer chromosomes. they have a role in adherence.

Question 12

what is the tube called that transfers chromosomes? they also have a role in adherence.

Answer 12

PILI

Question 13

Do gram + or gram - produce spores?

Answer 13

Gram +
Bacillus and Clostridium are the main genera.
spores are only for SURVIVAL. not reproduction.

Question 14

what do spores contain?

Answer 14

chromosome, proteins and ribosomes + calcium boudn to dipicolinic acid. Thick keratin coat
very resistant to infeciton

Question 15

what is the term for differentiating between strains of the same species using an antibody?

Answer 15

serotyping

antibodies recognize antigens on the surface of the bacteria

Question 16

what metabolic pathway is this?
ANAEROBIC in cytoplasm – 6 carbon sugar (glucose) into two 3 carbon sugars (pyruvate) and reduced carrier molecules NADH – NET 2 ATP

Answer 16

glycolysis.

Question 17

what if you don’t have oxygen while you’re using glycolysis?

Answer 17

you take the NADH end product and use them to make weird acids and alcohols- using ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION

Question 18

if you have oxygen after glycolysis, what cycle do you use?

Answer 18

TCA cycle.
generates more NADH, FADH, and GTP
–electron transport chain

Question 19

most bacteria have one chromosome that is ______(haploid or diploid) and packaged with polyamines like _____ rather than histones

Answer 19

haploid, spermine

Question 20

bacterial genomes are organized in functional units called _____

Answer 20

operons

Question 21

T/F?

bacteria may have extrchromosomal plasmids?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

lac operon is an example of what kind of operon?

Answer 22

inducible
the inducer is allocates that binds and removes repressor.
sigma factors bind to the promotor and allow the polymerase to bind leading to the transcription and translation of genes

Question 23

a _____ is a stretch of DNA where the repressor binds?

Answer 23

the operator!

Question 24

where do you calculate the generation time with a bacterial growth curve?

Answer 24

exponential phase
stationary phase= plateu
decline when nutrients are out

Question 25

transfer of DNA from one bacteria to another via pilus

Answer 25

conjugation

Japan sushi example!

Question 26

bacteria taking up naked DNA from the environment

Answer 26

transformation

Question 27

phage mediated DNA transfer

Answer 27

transduction

Question 28

what kinds of genes are carried on a plasmid?

Answer 28

small self replicating pieces of DNA that code for non-essential proteins, F factor(what is the F Factor?)

Question 29

what are jumping genes also called?

Answer 29

transposons!